Goto Section: 1.1309 | 1.1311 | Table of Contents
FCC 1.1310
Revised as of October 2, 2015
Goto Year:2014 |
2016
§ 1.1310 Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits.
(a) Specific absorption rate (SAR) shall be used to evaluate the
environmental impact of human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation as
specified in § 1.1307(b) within the frequency range of 100 kHz to 6 GHz
(inclusive).
(b) The SAR limits for occupational/controlled exposure are 0.4 W/kg, as
averaged over the whole body, and a peak spatial-average SAR of 8 W/kg,
averaged over any 1 gram of tissue (defined as a tissue volume in the shape
of a cube). Exceptions are the parts of the human body treated as
extremities, such as hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and pinnae, where the peak
spatial-average SAR limit for occupational/controlled exposure is 20 W/kg,
averaged over any 10 grams of tissue (defined as a tissue volume in the
shape of a cube). Exposure may be averaged over a time period not to exceed
6 minutes to determine compliance with occupational/controlled SAR limits.
(c) The SAR limits for general population/uncontrolled exposure are 0.08
W/kg, as averaged over the whole body, and a peak spatial-average SAR of 1.6
W/kg, averaged over any 1 gram of tissue (defined as a tissue volume in the
shape of a cube). Exceptions are the parts of the human body treated as
extremities, such as hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and pinnae, where the peak
spatial-average SAR limit is 4 W/kg, averaged over any 10 grams of tissue
(defined as a tissue volume in the shape of a cube). Exposure may be
averaged over a time period not to exceed 30 minutes to determine compliance
with general population/uncontrolled SAR limits.
(d)(1) Evaluation with respect to the SAR limits in this section and in
§ 2.1093 of this chapter must demonstrate compliance with both the whole-body
and peak spatial-average limits using technically supportable methods and
exposure conditions in advance of authorization (licensing or equipment
certification) and in a manner that permits independent assessment.
(2) At operating frequencies less than or equal to 6 GHz, the limits for
maximum permissible exposure (MPE), derived from whole-body SAR limits and
listed in Table 1 of paragraph (e) of this section, may be used instead of
whole-body SAR limits as set forth in paragraph (a) through (c) of this
section to evaluate the environmental impact of human exposure to RF
radiation as specified in § 1.1307(b), except for portable devices as defined
in § 2.1093 as these evaluations shall be performed according to the SAR
provisions in § 2.1093 of this chapter.
(3) At operating frequencies above 6 GHz, the MPE limits shall be used in
all cases to evaluate the environmental impact of human exposure to RF
radiation as specified in § 1.1307(b).
(4) Both the MPE limits listed in Table 1 of paragraph (e) of this section
and the SAR limits as set forth in paragraph (a) through (c) of this section
and in § 2.1093 of this chapter are for continuous exposure, that is, for
indefinite time periods. Exposure levels higher than the limits are
permitted for shorter exposure times, as long as the average exposure over
the specified averaging time in Table 1 is less than the limits. Detailed
information on our policies regarding procedures for evaluating compliance
with all of these exposure limits can be found in the FCC's OET Bulletin 65,
“Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,” and in supplements to Bulletin 65,
all available at the FCC's Internet Web site:
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety.
Note to paragraphs (a) through (d): SAR is a measure of the rate of energy
absorption due to exposure to RF electromagnetic energy. The SAR limits to
be used for evaluation are based generally on criteria published by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for localized SAR in § 4.2 of
“IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio
Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,” ANSI/IEEE Std
C95.1-1992, copyright 1992 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., New York, New York 10017. The criteria for SAR evaluation
are similar to those recommended by the National Council on Radiation
Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in “Biological Effects and Exposure
Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,” NCRP Report No. 86,
§ 17.4.5, copyright 1986 by NCRP, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Limits for whole
body SAR and peak spatial-average SAR are based on recommendations made in
both of these documents. The MPE limits in Table 1 are based generally on
criteria published by the NCRP in “Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria
for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,” NCRP Report No. 86, § § 17.4.1,
17.4.1.1, 17.4.2 and 17.4.3, copyright 1986 by NCRP, Bethesda, Maryland
20814. In the frequency range from 100 MHz to 1500 MHz, these MPE exposure
limits for field strength and power density are also generally based on
criteria recommended by the ANSI in § 4.1 of “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels
with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3
kHz to 300 GHz,” ANSI/IEEE Std C95.1-1992, copyright 1992 by the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New York 10017.
(e) Table 1 below sets forth limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Table 1—Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Frequency range
(MHz) Electric field strength
(V/m) Magnetic field strength
(A/m) Power density
(mW/cm^2) Averaging time
(minutes)
(A) Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure
0.3-3.0 614 1.63 *100 6
3.0-30 1842/f 4.89/f *900/f^2 6
30-300 61.4 0.163 1.0 6
300-1,500 f/300 6
1,500-100,000 5 6
(B) Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure
0.3-1.34 614 1.63 *100 30
1.34-30 824/f 2.19/f *180/f^2 30
30-300 27.5 0.073 0.2 30
300-1,500 f/1500 30
1,500-100,000 1.0 30
f = frequency in MHz * = Plane-wave equivalent power density
(1) Occupational/controlled exposure limits apply in situations in which
persons are exposed as a consequence of their employment provided those
persons are fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise
control over their exposure. Limits for occupational/controlled exposure
also apply in situations when a person is transient through a location where
occupational/controlled limits apply provided he or she is made aware of the
potential for exposure. The phrase fully aware in the context of applying
these exposure limits means that an exposed person has received written
and/or verbal information fully explaining the potential for RF exposure
resulting from his or her employment. With the exception of transient
persons, this phrase also means that an exposed person has received
appropriate training regarding work practices relating to controlling or
mitigating his or her exposure. Such training is not required for transient
persons, but they must receive written and/or verbal information and
notification (for example, using signs) concerning their exposure potential
and appropriate means available to mitigate their exposure. The phrase
exercise control means that an exposed person is allowed to and knows how to
reduce or avoid exposure by administrative or engineering controls and work
practices, such as use of personal protective equipment or time averaging of
exposure.
(2) General population/uncontrolled exposure limits apply in situations in
which the general public may be exposed, or in which persons who are exposed
as a consequence of their employment may not be fully aware of the potential
for exposure or cannot exercise control over their exposure.
(3) Licensees and applicants are responsible for compliance with both the
occupational/controlled exposure limits and the general
population/uncontrolled exposure limits as they apply to transmitters under
their jurisdiction. Licensees and applicants should be aware that the
occupational/controlled exposure limits apply especially in situations where
workers may have access to areas in very close proximity to antennas and
access to the general public may be restricted.
(4) In lieu of evaluation with the general population/uncontrolled exposure
limits, amateur licensees authorized under part 97 of this chapter and
members of his or her immediate household may be evaluated with respect to
the occupational/controlled exposure limits in this section, provided
appropriate training and information has been provided to the amateur
licensee and members of his/her household. Other nearby persons who are not
members of the amateur licensee's household must be evaluated with respect
to the general population/uncontrolled exposure limits.
[ 78 FR 33650 , June 4, 2013]
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