Goto Section: 2.1 | 2.100 | Table of Contents
FCC 2.1
Revised as of October 1, 2007
Goto Year:2006 |
2008
Sec. 2.1 Terms and definitions.
(a) Where a term or definition appears in this part of the Commission's
Rules, it shall be the definitive term or definition and shall prevail
throughout the Commission's Rules.
(b) The source of each definition is indicated as follows:
CS—Annex to the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU)
CV—Annex to the Convention of the ITU
FCC—Federal Communications Commission
RR—ITU Radio Regulations
(c) The following terms and definitions are issued:
Accepted Interference. ^1 Interference at a higher level than defined as
permissible interference and which has been agreed upon between two or more
administrations without prejudice to other administrations. (RR)
^1 The terms permissible interference and accepted interference are used in
the coordination of frequency assignments between administrations.
Active Satellite. A satellite carrying a station intended to transmit or
retransmit radiocommunication signals. (RR)
Active Sensor. A measuring instrument in the earth exploration-satellite
service or in the space research service by means of which information is
obtained by transmission and reception of radio waves. (RR)
Adaptive System. A radiocommunication system which varies its radio
characteristics according to channel quality. (RR)
Administration. Any governmental department or service responsible for
discharging the obligations undertaken in the Constitution of the
International Telecommunication Union, in the Convention of the
International Telecommunication Union and in the Administrative Regulations.
(CS)
Aeronautical Earth Station. An Earth station in the fixed-satellite service,
or, in some cases, in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service, located at
a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the
aeronautical mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Aeronautical Fixed Service. A radiocommunication service between specified
fixed points provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the
regular, efficient and economical operation of air transport. (RR)
Aeronautical Fixed Station. A station in the aeronautical fixed service.
(RR)
Aeronautical Mobile Off-Route (OR) Service. An aeronautical mobile service
intended for communications, including those relating to flight
coordination, primarily outside national or international civil air routes.
(RR)
Aeronautical Mobile Route (R) Service. An aeronautical mobile service
reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flight,
primarily along national or international civil air routes. (RR)
Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Off-Route (OR) Service. An aeronautical
mobile-satellite service intended for communications, including those
relating to flight coordination, primarily outside national and
international civil air routes. (RR)
Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Route (R) Service. An aeronautical
mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and
regularity of flights, primarily along national or international civil air
routes. (RR)
Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite service in which
mobile earth stations are located on board aircraft; survival craft stations
and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate
in this service. (RR)
Aeronautical Mobile Service. A mobile service between aeronautical stations
and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft
stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations
may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency
frequencies. (RR)
Aeronautical Radionavigation-Satellite Service. A radionavigation-satellite
service in which earth stations are located on board aircraft. (RR)
Aeronautical Radionavigation Service. A radio-navigation service intended
for the benefit and for the safe operation of aircraft. (RR)
Aeronautical Station. A land station in the aeronautical mobile service.
Note: In certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for
example, on board ship or on a platform at sea. (RR)
Aircraft Earth Station. A mobile earth station in the aeronautical
mobile-satellite service located on board an aircraft. (RR)
Aircraft Station. A mobile station in the aeronautical mobile service, other
than a survival craft station, located on board an aircraft. (RR)
Allocation (of a frequency band). Entry in the Table of Frequency
Allocations of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or
more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy
service under specified conditions. This term shall also be applied to the
frequency band concerned. (RR)
Allotment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel). Entry of a
designated frequency channel in an agreed plan, adopted by a competent
conference, for use by one or more administrations for a terrestrial or
space radiocommunication service in one or more identified countries or
geographical area and under specified conditions. (RR)
Altitude of the Apogee or Perigee. The altitude of the apogee or perigee
above a specified reference surface serving to represent the surface of the
Earth. (RR)
Amateur-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service using space stations
on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the amateur service.
(RR)
Amateur Service. A radiocommunication service for the purpose of
self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out
by amateurs, that is, by duly authorized persons interested in radio
technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. (RR)
Amateur Station. A station in the amateur service. (RR)
Assigned Frequency. The centre of the frequency band assigned to a station.
(RR)
Assigned Frequency Band. The frequency band within which the emission of a
station is authorized; the width of the band equals the necessary bandwidth
plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance. Where space
stations are concerned, the assigned frequency band includes twice the
maximum Doppler shift that may occur in relation to any point of the Earth's
surface. (RR)
Assignment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel). Authorization
given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or
radio frequency channel under specified conditions. (RR)
Base Earth Station. An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in
some cases, in the land mobile-satellite service, located at a specified
fixed point or within a specified area on land to provide a feeder link for
the land mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Base Station. A land station in the land mobile service. (RR)
Broadcasting-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service in which
signals transmitted or retransmitted by space stations are intended for
direct reception by the general public.
Note: In the broadcasting-satellite service, the term direct reception shall
encompass both individual reception and community reception. (RR)
Broadcasting Service. A radiocommunication service in which the
transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public. This
service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other
types of transmission. (CS)
Broadcasting Station. A station in the broadcasting service. (RR)
Carrier Power (of a radio transmitter). The average power supplied to the
antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle
taken under the condition of no modulation. (RR)
Characteristic Frequency. A frequency which can be easily identified and
measured in a given emission.
Note: A carrier frequency may, for example, be designated as the
characteristic frequency. (RR)
Class of Emission. The set of characteristics of an emission, designated by
standard symbols, e.g., type of modulation, modulating signal, type of
information to be transmitted, and also if appropriate, any additional
signal characteristics. (RR)
Coast Earth Station. An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in
some cases, in the maritime mobile-satellite service, located at a specified
fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the maritime
mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Coast Station. A land station in the maritime mobile service. (RR)
Community Reception (in the broadcasting-satellite service). The reception
of emissions from a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service by
receiving equipment, which in some cases may be complex and have antennae
larger than those for individual reception, and intended for use: (1) by a
group of the general public at one location; or (2) through a distribution
system covering a limited area. (RR)
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Time scale, based on the second (SI), as
defined in Recommendation ITU–R TF.460–6.
Note: For most practical purposes associated with the ITU Radio Regulations
, UTC is equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0 ° longitude),
formerly expressed in GMT. (RR)
Coordination Area. When determining the need for coordination, the area
surrounding an earth station sharing the same frequency band with
terrestrial stations, or surrounding a transmitting earth station sharing
the same bidirectionally allocated frequency band with receiving earth
stations, beyond which the level of permissible interference will not be
exceeded and coordination is therefore not required. (RR)
Coordination Contour. The line enclosing the coordination area. (RR)
Coordination Distance. When determining the need for coordination, the
distance on a given azimuth from an earth station sharing the same frequency
band with terrestrial stations, or from a transmitting earth station sharing
the same bidirectionally allocated frequency band with receiving earth
stations, beyond which the level of permissible interference will not be
exceeded and coordination is therefore not required. (RR)
Deep Space. Space at distance from the Earth equal to, or greater than,
2×10^6 kilometers. (RR)
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Station. A differential RNSS
station for specific augmentation of GPS.
Differential Radionavigation Satellite Service (Differential RNSS) Station.
A station used for the transmission of differential correction data and
related information (such as ionospheric data and RNSS satellite integrity
information) as an augmentation to an RNSS system for the purpose of
improved navigation accuracy.
Direct Sequence Systems. A spread spectrum system in which the carrier has
been modulated by a high speed spreading code and an information data
stream. The high speed code sequence dominates the “modulating function” and
is the direct cause of the wide spreading of the transmitted signal.
Duplex Operation. Operating method in which transmission is possible
simultaneously in both directions of a telecommunication channel.^3 (RR)
^3 In general, duplex operation and semi-duplex operation require two
frequencies in radiocommunication; simplex operation may use either one or
two.
Earth Exploration-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service between
earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include links
between space stations in which:
(1) Information relating to the characteristics of the Earth and its natural
phenomena is obtained from active sensors or passive sensors on earth
satellites;
(2) Similar information is collected from air-borne or earth-based
platforms;
(3) Such information may be distributed to earth stations within the system
concerned;
(4) Platform interrogation may be included.
Note: This service may also include feeder links necesary for its operation.
(RR)
Earth Station. A station located either on the earth's surface or within the
major portion of earth's atmosphere and intended for communication:
(1) With one or more space stations; or
(2) With one or more stations of the same kind by means of one or more
reflecting satellites or other objects in space. (RR)
Effective Radiated Power (e.r.p) (in a given direction). The product of the
power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave dipole in
a given direction. (RR)
Emergency Position-Indicating Radiobeacon Station. A station in the mobile
service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate search and rescue
operations. (RR)
Emission. Radiation produced, or the production of radiation, by a radio
transmitting station.
Note: For example, the energy radiated by the local oscillator of a radio
receiver would not be an emission but a radiation. (RR)
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (e.i.r.p.). The product of the power
suppled to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to
an isotropic antenna. (RR)
Equivalent Monopole Radiated Power (e.m.r.p.) (in a given direction). The
product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a
short vertical antenna in a given direction. (RR)
Equivalent Satellite Link Noise Temperature. The noise temperature referred
to the output of the receiving antenna of the earth station corresponding to
the radio-frequency noise power which produces the total observed noise at
the output of the satellite link excluding the noise due to interference
coming from satellite links using other satellites and from terrestrial
systems. (RR)
Experimental Station. A station utilizing radio waves in experiments with a
view to the development of science or technique.
Note: This definition does not include amateur stations. (RR)
Facsimile. A form of telegraphy for the transmission of fixed images, with
or without half-tones, with a view to their reproduction in a permanent
form. (RR)
Feeder Link. A radio link from an earth station at a given location to a
space station, or vice versa, conveying information for a space
radiocommunication service other than for the fixed-satellite service. The
given location may be at a specified fixed point, or at any fixed point
within specified areas. (RR)
Fixed-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service between earth stations
at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position
may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within specified areas; in
some cases this service includes satellite-to-satellite links, which may
also be operated in the inter-satellite service; the fixed-satellite service
may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.
(RR)
Fixed Service. A radiocommunication service between specified fixed points.
(RR)
Fixed Station. A station in the fixed service. (RR)
Frequency Assignment Subcommittee (FAS). A subcommittee of the
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC) within NTIA that develops
and executes procedures for the assignment and coordination of Federal radio
frequencies. (FCC)
Frequency Hopping Systems. A spread spectrum system in which the carrier is
modulated with the coded information in a conventional manner causing a
conventional spreading of the RF energy about the frequency carrier. The
frequency of the carrier is not fixed but changes at fixed intervals under
the direction of a coded sequence. The wide RF bandwidth needed by such a
system is not required by spreading of the RF energy about the carrier but
rather to accommodate the range of frequencies to which the carrier
frequency can hop. The test of a frequency hopping system is that the near
term distribution of hops appears random, the long term distribution appears
evenly distributed over the hop set, and sequential hops are randomly
distributed in both direction and magnitude of change in the hop set.
Frequency-Shift Telegraphy. Telegraphy by frequency modulation in which the
telegraph signal shifts the frequency of the carrier between predetermined
values. (RR)
Frequency Tolerance. The maximum permissible departure by the centre
frequency of the frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned
frequency or, by the characteristic frequency of an emission from the
reference frequency.
Note: The frequency tolerance is expressed in parts in 10^6 or in hertz.
(RR)
Full Carrier Single-Sideband Emission. A single-sideband emission without
suppression of the carrier. (RR)
Gain of an Antenna. The ratio, usually expressed in decibels, of the power
required at the input of a loss free reference antenna to the power supplied
to the input of the given antenna to produce, in a given direction, the same
field strength or the same power flux-density at the same distance. When not
specified otherwise, the gain refers to the direction of maximum radiation.
The gain may be considered for a specified polarization.
Note: Depending on the choice of the reference antenna a distinction is made
between:
(1) Absolute or isotropic gain (Gi), when the reference antenna is an
isotropic antenna isolated in space;
(2) Gain relative to a half-wave dipole (Gd), when the reference antenna is
a half-wave dipole isolated in space whose equatorial plane contains the
given direction;
(3) Gain relative to a short vertical antenna (Gv), when the reference
antenna is a linear conductor, much shorter than one quarter of the
wavelength, normal to the surface of a perfectly conducting plane which
contains the given direction. (RR)
General Purpose Mobile Service. A mobile service that includes all mobile
communications uses including those within the Aeronautical Mobile, Land
Mobile, or the Maritime Mobile Services.
Geostationary Satellite. A geosynchronous satellite whose circular and
direct orbit lies in the plane of the Earth's equator and which thus remains
fixed relative to the Earth; by extension, a geosynchronous satellite which
remains approximately fixed relative to the Earth. (RR)
Geostationary Satellite Orbit. The orbit in which a satellite must be placed
to be a geostationary satellite. (RR)
Geosynchronous Satellite. An Earth satellite whose period of revolution is
equal to the period of rotation of the Earth about its axis. (RR)
Government Master File (GMF). NTIA's database of Federal assignments. It
also includes non-Federal authorizations coordinated with NTIA for the bands
allocated for shared Federal and non-Federal use. (FCC)
Harmful Interference. Interference which endangers the functioning of a
radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades,
obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating
in accordance with [the ITU] Radio Regulations. (CS)
High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS). A station located on an object at an
altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to
the Earth. (RR)
Hybrid Spread Spectrum Systems. Hybrid spread spectrum systems are those
which use combinations of two or more types of direct sequence, frequency
hopping, time hopping and pulsed FM modulation in order to achieve their
wide occupied bandwidths.
Inclination of an Orbit (of an earth satellite). The angle determined by the
plane containing the orbit and the plane of the Earth's equator measured in
degrees between 0 ° and 180 ° and in counter-clockwise direction from the
Earth's equatorial plane at the ascending node of the orbit. (RR)
Individual Reception (in the broadcasting-satellite service). The reception
of emissions from a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service by
simple domestic installations and in particular those possessing small
antennae. (RR)
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) (of radio frequency energy)
Applications. Operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate and
use locally radio-frequency energy for industrial, scientific, medical,
domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of
telecommunications. (RR)
Instrument Landing System (ILS). A radionavigation system which provides
aircraft with horizontal and vertical guidance just before and during
landing and, at certain fixed points, indicates the distance to the
reference point of landing. (RR)
Instrument Landing System Glide Path. A system of vertical guidance embodied
in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of
the aircraft from its optimum path of descent. (RR)
Instrument Landing System Localizer. A system of horizontal guidance
embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the horizontal
deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path of descent along the axis of
the runway. (RR)
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC). A committee of the Federal
departments, agencies, and administrations that advises NTIA in assigning
frequencies to Federal radio stations and in developing and executing
policies, programs, procedures, and technical criteria pertaining to the
allocation, management, and use of the spectrum. The IRAC consists of a main
committee, subcommittees, and several ad hoc groups that consider various
aspects of spectrum management policy. The FCC serves as a member of the
Frequency Assignment Subcommittee and as Liaison Representative on the main
committee, all other subcommittees and ad hoc groups. (FCC)
Interference. The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of
emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication
system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or
loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted
energy. (RR)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). An international organization
within the United Nations System where governments and the private sector
coordinate global telecom networks and services. The ITU is headquartered in
Geneva, Switzerland and its internet address is www.itu.int . (FCC)
Inter-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service providing links
between artificial satellites. (RR)
Ionospheric Scatter. The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a
result of irregularities or discontinuities in the ionization of the
ionosphere. (RR)
Land Earth Station. An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in
some cases, in the mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed
point or within a specified area on land to provide a feeder link for the
mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Land Mobile Earth Station. A mobile earth station in the land
mobile-satellite service capable of surface movement within the geographical
limits of a country or continent. (RR)
Land Mobile-Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite service in which mobile
earth stations are located on land. (RR)
Land Mobile Service. A mobile service between base stations and land mobile
stations, or between land mobile stations. (RR)
Land Mobile Station. A mobile station in the land mobile service capable of
surface movement within the geographical limits of a country or continent.
Land Station. A station in the mobile service not intended to be used while
in motion. (RR)
Left-Hand (or Anti-Clockwise) Polarized Wave. An elliptically or
circularly-polarized wave, in fixed plane, normal to the direction of
propagation, whilst looking in the direction of propagation, rotates with
time in a left hand or anti-clockwise direction. (RR)
Line A. Begins at Aberdeen, Washington running by great circle arc to the
intersection of 48 ° N., 120 ° W., thence along parallel 48 ° N., to the
intersection of 95 ° W., thence by great circle arc through the southernmost
point of Duluth, Minn., thence by great circle arc to 45 ° N., 85 ° W., thence
southward along meridian 85 ° W., to its intersection with parallel 41 ° N.,
thence along parallel 41 ° N., to its intersection with meridian 82 ° W.,
thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Bangor, Maine,
thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Searsport,
Maine, at which point it terminates. (FCC)
Line B. Begins at Tofino, B.C., running by great circle arc to the
intersection of 50 ° N., 125 ° W., thence along parallel 50 ° N., to the
intersection of 90 ° W., thence by great circle arc to the intersection of
45 ° N., 79 °30' W., thence by great circle arc through the northernmost point
of Drummondville, Quebec (Lat. 45 °52' N., Long 72 °30' W.), thence by great
circle arc to 48 °30' N., 70 ° W., thence by great circle arc through the
northernmost point of Compbellton, N.B., thence by great circle are through
the northernmost point of Liverpool, N.S., at which point it terminates.
(FCC)
Line C. Begins at the intersection of 70 ° N., 144 ° W., thence by great
circle arc to the intersection of 60 ° N., 143 ° W., thence by great circle
arc so as to include all of the Alaskan Panhandle. (FCC)
Line D. Begins at the intersection of 70 ° N., 138 ° W., thence by great
circle arc to the intersection of 61 °20' N., 139 ° W. (Burwash Landing),
thence by great circle arc to the intersection of 60 °45' N., 135 ° W., thence
by great circle arc to the intersection of 56 ° N., 128 ° W., thence south
along 128 ° meridian to Lat. 55 ° N., thence by great circle arc to the
intersection of 54 ° N., 130 ° W., thence by great circle arc to Port
Clements, thence to the Pacific Ocean where it ends. (FCC)
Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite service in which
mobile earth stations are located on board ships; survival craft stations
and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate
in this service. (RR)
Maritime Mobile Service. A mobile service between coast stations and ship
stations, or between ship stations, or between associated on-board
communication stations; survival craft stations and emergency
position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this
service. (RR)
Maritime Radionavigation-Satellite Service. A radionavigation-satellite
service in which earth stations are located on board ships. (RR)
Maritime Radionavigation Service. A radionavigation service intended for the
benefit and for the safe operation of ships. (RR)
Marker Beacon. A transmitter in the aeronautical radionavigation service
which radiates vertically a distinctive pattern for providing position
information to aircraft. (RR)
Mean Power (of a radio transmitter). The average power supplied to the
antenna transmission line by a transmitter during an interval of time
sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the
modulation taken under normal operating conditions. (RR)
Meteorological Aids Service. A radiocommunication service used for
meteorological, including hydrological, observation and exploration. (RR)
Meteorological-Satellite Service. An earth exploration-satellite service for
meteorological purposes. (RR)
Mobile Earth Station. An earth station in the mobile-satellite service
intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.
(RR)
Mobile-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service:
(1) Between mobile earth stations and one or more space stations, or between
space stations used by this service; or
(2) Between mobile earth stations by means of one or more space stations.
Note: This service may also include feeder links necessary for its
operation. (RR)
Mobile Service. A radiocommunication service between mobile and land
stations, or between mobile stations. (CV)
Mobile Station. A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in
motion or during halts at unspecified points. (RR)
Multi-Satellite Link. A radio link between a transmitting earth station and
a receiving earth station through two or more satellites, without any
intermediate earth station.
Note: A multisatellite link comprises one up-link, one or more
satellite-to-satellite links and one down-link. (RR)
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). An agency
of the United States Department of Commerce that serves as the President's
principal advisor on telecommunications and information policy issues. NTIA
manages Federal use of the radio spectrum and coordinates Federal use with
the FCC. NTIA sets forth regulations for Federal use of the radio spectrum
within its Manual of Regulations & Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency
Management (NTIA Manual) . (FCC)
Necessary Bandwidth. For a given class of emission, the width of the
frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of
information at the rate and with the quality required under specified
conditions. (RR)
Non-Voice, Non-Geostationary Mobile-Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite
service reserved for use by non-geostationary satellites in the provision of
non-voice communications which may include satellite links between land
earth stations at fixed locations.
Occupied Bandwidth. The width of a frequency band such that, below the lower
and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal
to a specified percentage Beta/2 of the total mean power of a given
emission.
Note: Unless otherwise specified by the CCIR for the appropriate class of
emission, the value of Beta/2 should be taken as 0.5%. (RR)
On-Board Communication Station. A low-powered mobile station in the maritime
mobile service intended for use for internal communications on board a ship,
or between a ship and its lifeboats and life-rafts during lifeboat drills or
operations, or for communication within a group of vessels being towed or
pushed, as well as for line handling and mooring instructions. (RR)
Orbit. The path, relative to a specified frame of reference, described by
the centre of mass of a satellite or other object in space subjected
primarily to natural forces, mainly the force of gravity. (RR)
Out-of-band domain (of an emission). The frequency range, immediately
outside the necessary bandwidth but excluding the spurious domain, in which
out-of-band emissions generally predominate. Out-of-band emissions, defined
based on their source, occur in the out-of-band domain and, to a lesser
extent, in the spurious domain. Spurious emissions likewise may occur in the
out-of-band domain as well as in the spurious domain. (RR)
Out-of-band Emission. Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately
outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process,
but excluding spurious emissions. (RR)
Passive Sensor. A measuring instrument in the earth exploration-satellite
service or in the space research service by means of which information is
obtained by reception of radio waves of natural origin. (RR)
Peak Envelope Power (of a radio transmitter). The average power supplied to
the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio frequency
cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating
conditions. (RR)
Period (of a satellite). The time elapsing between two consecutive passages
of a satellite through a characteristic point on its orbit. (RR)
Permissible Interference. ^3 Observed or predicted interference which
complies with quantitative interference and sharing criteria contained in
these [ITU Radio] Regulations or in ITU–R Recommendations or in special
agreements as provided for in these Regulations. (RR)
^3 See footnote under Accepted Interference.
Port Operations Service. A maritime mobile service in or near a port,
between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, in which
messages are restricted to those relating to the operational handling, the
movement and the safty of ships and, in emergency, to the safety of persons.
Note: Messages which are of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded
from this service. (RR)
Port Station. A coast station in the port operations service. (RR)
Power. Whenever the power of a radio transmitter, etc. is referred to it
shall be expressed in one of the following forms, according to the class of
emission, using the arbitrary symbols indicated:
(1) Peak envelope power (PX or pX);
(2) Mean power (PY or pY);
(3) Carrier power (PZ or pZ).
Note 1: For different classes of emission, the relationships between peak
envelope power, mean power and carrier power, under the conditions of normal
operation and of no modulation, are contained in ITU–R Recommendations which
may be used as a guide.
Note 2: For use in formulae, the symbol p denotes power expressed in watts
and the symbol P denotes power expressed in decibels relative to a reference
level. (RR)
Primary Radar. A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of
reference signals with radio signals reflected from the position to be
determined. (RR)
Protection Ratio. The minimum value of the wanted-to-unwanted signal ratio,
usually expressed in decibels, at the receiver input determined under
specified conditions such that a specified reception quality of the wanted
signal is achieved at the receiver output. (RR)
Public Correspondence. Any telecommunication which the offices and stations
must, by reason of their being at the disposal of the public, accept for
transmission. (CS)
Pulsed FM Systems. A pulsed FM system is a spread spectrum system in which a
RF carrier is modulated with a fixed period and fixed duty cycle sequence.
At the beginning of each transmitted pulse, the carrier frequency is
frequency modulated causing an additional spreading of the carrier. The
pattern of the frequency modulation will depend upon the spreading function
which is chosen. In some systems the spreading function is a linear FM chirp
sweep, sweeping either up or down in frequency.
Radar. A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference
signals with radio signals reflected, or retrainsmitted, from the position
to be determined. (RR)
Radar Beacon (RACON). A transmitter-receiver associated with a fixed
navigational mark which, when triggered by a radar, automatically returns a
distinctive signal which can appear on the display of the triggering radar,
providing range, bearing and identification information. (RR)
Radiation. The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio
waves. (RR)
Radio. A general term applied to the use of radio waves. (RR)
Radio Altimeter. Radionavigation equipment, on board an aircraft or
spacecraft or the spacecraft above the Earth's surface or another surface.
(RR)
Radio Astronomy. Astronomy based on the reception of radio waves of cosmic
origin. (RR)
Radio Astronomy Service. A service involving the use of radio astronomy.
(RR)
Radio Astronomy Station. A station in the radio astronomy service. (RR)
Radiobeacon Station. A station in the radionavigation service the emissions
of which are intended to enable a mobile station to determine its bearing or
direction in relation to radiobeacon station. (RR)
Radiocommunication. Telecommunication by means of radio waves. (CS) (CV)
Radiocommunication Service. A service as defined in this Section involving
the transmission, emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific
telecommunication purposes.
Note: In these [international] Radio Regulations, unless otherwise stated,
any radiocommunication service relates to terrestrial radiocommunication.
(RR)
Radiodetermination. The determination of the position, velocity and/or other
characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to
these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves.
(RR)
Radiodetermination-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service for the
purpose of radiodetermination involving the use or one of more space
stations. This service may also include feeder links necessary for its own
operation. (RR)
Radiodetermination Service. A radiocommunication service for the purpose of
radiodetermination. (RR)
Radiodetermination Station. A station in the radiodetermination serviice.
(RR)
Radio Direction-Finding. Radiodetermination using the reception of radio
waves for the purpose of determining the direction of a station or object.
(RR)
Radio Direction-Finding Station. A radiodetermination station using radio
direction-finding. (RR)
Radiolocation. Radiodetermination used for purposes other than those of
radionavigation. (RR)
Radiolocation Land Station. A station in the radiolocation service not
intended to be used while in motion. (RR)
Radiolocation Mobil Station. A station in the radiolocation service intended
to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points. (RR)
Radiolocation Service. A radiodetermination service for the purpose of
radiolocation. (RR)
Radionavigation. Radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation,
including obstruction warning.
Radionavigation Land Station. A station in the radionavigation service not
intended to be used while in motion. (RR)
Radionavigation Mobile Station. A station in the radionavigation service
intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.
(RR)
Radionavigation-Satellite Service. A radiodetermination-satellite service
used for the purpose of radionavigation. This service may also include
feeder links necessary for its operation. (RR)
Radionavigation Service. A radiod-etermination service for the purpose of
radionavigation. (RR)
Radiosonde. An automatic radio transmitter in the meteorological aids
service usually carried on an aircraft, free ballon, kite or parachute, and
which transmits meteorological data. (RR)
Radiotelegram. A telegram, originating in or intended for a mobile station
or a mobile earth station transmitted on all or part of its route over the
radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or of the mobile-satellite
service. (RR)
Radiotelemetry. Telemetry by means of radio waves. (RR)
Radiotelephone Call. A telephone call, originating in or intended for a
mobile station or a mobile earth station, transmitted on all or part of its
route over the radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or of the
mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Radiotelex Call. A telex call, originating in or intended for a mobile
station or a mobile earth station, transmitted on all or part of its route
over the radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or the
mobile-satellite service. (RR)
Radio Waves or Hertzian Waves. Electromagnetic waves of frequencies
arbitrarily lower than 3,000 GHz, propagated in space without aritificial
guide. (RR)
Reduced Carrier Single-Sideband Emission. A single-sideband emission in
which the degree of carrier suppession enables the carrier to be
reconstrituted and to be used for demodulation. (RR)
Reference Frequency. A frequency having a fixed and specified position with
respect to the assigned frequency. The displacement of this frequency with
respect to the assigned frequency has the same absolute value and sign that
the displacement of the characteristic frequency has with respect to the
centre of the frequency band occupied by the emission. (RR)
Reflecting Satellite. A satellite intended to reflect radiocommunication
signals. (RR)
Right-Hand (or Clockwise) Polarized Wave. An Elliptically or
circularly-polarized wave, in which the electric field vector, observed in
any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, whilst looking in
the direction of propagation, rotates with time in a right-hand or clockwise
direction. (RR)
Safety Service. Any radiocommunication service used permanently or
temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property. (RR)
Satellite. A body which revolves around another body of preponderant mass
and which has a motion primarily and permanently determined by the force of
attraction of that other body. (RR)
Satellite Link. A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a
receiving earth station through one satellite. A satellite link comprises
one up-link and one down-link. (RR)
Satellite Network. A satellite system or a part of a satellite system,
consisting of only one satellite and the cooperating earth stations. (RR)
Satellite System. A space system using one or more artificial earth
satellites. (RR)
Secondary Radar. A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of
reference signals with radio signals retransmitted from the position to be
determined. (RR)
Semi-Duplex Operation. ^4 A method which is simplex operation on one end of
the circuit and duplex operation at the other. (RR)
Simplex Operation. ^4 Operating method in which transmission is made
possible alternatively in each direction of a telecommunication channel, for
example, by means of manual control.
^4 See footnote under Duplex Operation.
Ship Earth Station. A mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite
service located on board ship. (RR)
Ship Movement Service. A safety service in the maritime mobile service other
than a port operations service, between coast stations and ship stations, or
between ship stations, in which messages are restricted to those relating to
the movement of ships. Messages which are of a public correspondence nature
shall be excluded from this service. (RR)
Ship's Emergency Transmitter. A ship's transmitter to be used exclusively on
a distress frequency for distress, urgency or safety purposes. (RR)
Ship Station. A mobile station in the maritime mobile service located on
board a vessel which is not permanently moored, other than a survival craft
station. (RR)
Simplex Operation. Operating method in which transmission is made possible
alternatively in each direction of a telecommunication channel, for example,
by means of manual control.^5 (RR)
^5 (See footnote under Duplex Operations.)
Single-Sideband Emission. An amplitude modulated emission with one sideband
only. (RR)
Software defined radio. A radio that includes a transmitter in which the
operating parameters of frequency range, modulation type or maximum output
power (either radiated or conducted), or the circumstances under which the
transmitter operates in accordance with Commission rules, can be altered by
making a change in software without making any changes to hardware
components that affect the radio frequency emissions. In accordance with
Sec. 2.944 of this part, only radios in which the software is designed or
expected to be modified by a party other than the manufacturer and would
affect the above-listed operating parameters or circumstances under which
the radio transmits must be certified as software defined radios.
Spacecraft. A man-made vehicle which is intended to go beyond the major
portion of the Earth's atmosphere. (RR)
Space Operation Service. A radiocommunication service concerned exclusively
with the operation of spacecraft, in particular space tracking, space
telemetry, and space telecommand.
Note: These functions will normally be provided within the service in which
the space station is operating. (RR)
Space Radiocommunication. Any radiocommunication involving the use of one or
more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other
objects in space. (RR)
Space Research Service. A radiocommunication service in which spacecraft or
other objects in space are used for scientific or technological research
purposes. (RR)
Space Station. A station located on an object which is beyond, is intended
to go beyond, or has been beyond, the major portion of the Earth's
atmosphere. (RR)
Space System. Any group of cooperating Earth stations and/or space stations
employing space radiocommunication for specific purposes. (RR)
Space Telecommand. The use of radiocommunication for the transmission of
signals to a space station to initiate, modify or terminate functions of
equipment on a space object, incuding the space station. (RR)
Space Telemetry. The use of telemetry for transmission for a space station
of results of measurements made in a spacecraft, including those relating to
the functioning of the spacecraft. (RR)
Space Tracking. Determination of the orbit, velocity or instanteneous
position of an object in space by means of radiodetermination, excluding
primary radar, for the purpose of following the movement of the object. (RR)
Special Service. A radiocommunication service, not otherwise defined in this
Section, carried on exclusively for specific needs of general utility, and
not open to public correspondence. (RR)
Spread Spectrum Systems. A spread spectrum system is an information bearing
communications system in which: (1) Information is conveyed by modulation of
a carrier by some conventional means, (2) the bandwidth is deliberately
widened by means of a spreading function over that which would be needed to
transmit the information alone. (In some spread spectrum systems, a portion
of the information being conveyed by the system may be contained in the
spreading function.)
Spurious domain (of an emission): The frequency range beyond the out-of-band
domain in which spurious emissions generally predominate. (RR)
Spurious Emission. Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside
the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without
affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions
include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products
and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions. (RR)
Standard Frequency and Time Signal-Satellite Service. A radiocommunication
service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as
those of the standard frequency and time signal service.
Note: This service may also include feeder links necessary for its
operation. (RR)
Standard Frequency and Time Signal Service. A radiocommunication service for
scientific, technical and other purposes, providing the transmission of
specified frequencies, time signals, or both, of stated high precision,
intended for general reception. (RR)
Standard Frequency and Time Signal Station. A station in the standard
frequency and time signal service. (RR)
Station. One or more transmitters or receivers or a combination of
transmitters and receivers, including the accessory equipment, necessary at
one location for carrying on a radiocommunication service, or the radio
astronomy service.
Note: Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates
permanently or temporarily. (RR)
Suppressed Carrier Single-Sideband Emission. A single-sideband emission in
which the carrier is virtually suppressed and not intended to be used for
demodulation. (RR)
Survival Craft Station. A mobile station in the maritime mobile service or
the aeronautical mobile service intended solely for survival purposes and
located on any lifeboat, life-raft or other survival equipment. (RR)
Telecommand. The use of telecommunication for the transmission of signals to
initiate, modify or terminate functions of equipment at a distance. (RR)
Telecommunication. Any transmission, emission or reception of signs,
signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire,
radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems. (CS)
Telegram. Written matter intended to be transmitted by telegraphy for
delivery to the addressee. This term also includes radiotelegrams unless
otherwise specified. (CS)
Note: In this definition the term telegraphy has the same general meaning as
defined in the Convention.
Telegraphy. ^5 A form of telecommunication in which the transmitted
information is intended to be recorded on arrival as a graphic document; the
transmitted information may sometimes be presented in an alternative form or
may be stored for subsequent use. (CS)
^5 A graphic document records information in a permanent form and is capable
of being filed and consulted; it may take the form of written or printed
matter or of a fixed image.
Telemetry. The use of telecommunication for automatically indicating or
recording measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument. (RR)
Telephony. A form of telecommunication primarily intended for the exchange
of information in the form of speech. (CS)
Television. A form of telecommunication for the transmission of transient
images of fixed or moving objects. (RR)
Terrestrial Radiocommunication. Any radiocommunication other than space
radiocommunication or radio astronomy. (RR)
Terrestrial Station. A station effecting terrestrial radiocommunication.
Note: In these [international Radio] Regulations, unless otherwise stated,
any station is a terrestrial station. (RR)
Time Hopping Systems. A time hopping system is a spread spectrum system in
which the period and duty cycle of a pulsed RF carrier are varied in a
pseudorandom manner under the control of a coded sequence. Time hopping is
often used effectively with frequency hopping to form a hybrid
time-division, multiple-access (TDMA) spread spectrum system.
Transponder. A transmitter-receiver facility the function of which is to
transmit signals automatically when the proper interrogation is received.
(FCC)
Tropospheric Scatter. The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a
result of irregularities or discontinuities in the physical properties of
the troposphere. (RR)
Unwanted Emissions. Consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions.
(RR)
[ 49 FR 2368 , Jan. 19, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 25239 , June 18, 1985; 51 FR 37399 , Oct. 22, 1986; 52 FR 7417 , Mar. 11, 1987; 54 FR 49980 , Dec. 4, 1990;
55 FR 28761 , July 13, 1990; 56 FR 42703 , Aug. 29, 1991; 58 FR 68058 , Dec.
23, 1993; 62 FR 26242 , May 13, 1997; 65 FR 60109 , Oct. 10, 2000; 66 FR 50840 , Oct. 5, 2001; 68 FR 74330 , Dec. 23, 2003; 70 FR 23039 , May 4, 2005;
70 FR 46583 , Aug. 10, 2005; 71 FR 15619 , Mar. 29, 2006; 72 FR 31192 , June 6,
2007]
Subpart B—Allocation, Assignment, and Use of Radio Frequencies
Source: 49 FR 2373 , Jan. 19, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Goto Section: 2.1 | 2.100
Goto Year: 2006 |
2008
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