Our newest analyzer is not yet built, though the idea, theory, and pilot studies have all been born and conducted at Mobil Research and Development Corporation. Li- censed to Hallikainen Instruments in 1969, the V/L Analyzer prototype has been tested by P.C, Leung for the past several months, and will undergo still further testing. We are designing our own first prototype suitable for hazardous locations in refin- eries. The new prototype will contain im- proved design components and electrical circuitry that Leung has developed during his testing on this analyzer. But what does the V/L Analyzer do and why is it a necessary instrument? In lay- man's terms, the V/L Analyzer means the ratio of vapor to liquid analyzer. Now, let's go back a little. Crude oil taken from the ground is processed in oil refineries. The lighter components are first to be separated from the crude, and include those usedin the blending of auto- mobile fuels. Some components are highly volatile. These volatile components, in correct proportion, are necessaryto start- ing cold automobile engines, especially in cold weather. You've noticedhow hard it is to start your car on a cold morning. Then you have to crankorchoke your engine sev- eral timesto warm the engineand thus build up the correct air-to-vaporized gasoline mixture to start your car.

So, you need a mixture of vaporized gasoline and airto start. your cold engine. But what about hot weather and a very hot engine? Have you ever*experienced a vapor lock with your car? In this problem some of the gasoline in the fuel line from tank to fuel-pump has become so hot that it vaporizes, and the liquid gasoline cannot get to the fuel pump. Hence, a vapor lock occurs andthe car won't start until it has cooled sufficiently. Still another high volatility problem, this one related again to cold weather, is carburetor icing. The condition develops during warm-up. As the engine begins to heat,gasoline vaporization lowers the tem- peratureofthe carburetor air and the sur- rounding metal parts. When outside tem- perature is low and gasoline volatility high, the metal parts are cooled rapidly below 32'F. Moisture in the air condenses and deposits on the metal surfaces as ice, and you have a situation similar to that desirable in refrigeration.....but not in getting your car started. So you can see that the oil refineries have many factors to considerin the blend- ing of their gasoline mixtures, many of which arenottotally predictable. Mixtures will vary for a warm climate, a cald climate, for sea level, for mountain driving. For years blends have been changed seasonally, blendingfor a less volatile mix in smer. Did you know that thetemperature under the hood of your car will be about 40' hotter than it is outside? Consider that when it's 105' at Sacramento: Another ccnsideration for refineries, of course, is economics..In separation and refinement there is usually a surplusof butane. Since it costs less than gasoline, the refineries would like to put as much butane as possible into automobile fuel and thereby sell butane at premium prices. But the butane, being lighter,is more volatile and its use must be carefully controlled or there is a high volatility problem in the gasoline. This, of course, is an extremely sim- plified discussion, but perhaps it serves to give you some idea of the rationale be- hind development of the V/L Analyzer. Fur- ther,with the growing use of In-Line gaso- line blending, it is becoming increasingly critical that gasoline specifications are met, automatically, In-Line. Ethyl Corporation and Union Oil have developed a type of V/L Analyzer which is now in use at the Union Oil plant in Rodeo. It is,however(in H.I. opinion) cumbersome, and inherently prone to some inaccuracies. It sells somewhere in the $20,00O_rang Our V/L deviceis simpler and makesmeasur ment almost exactlythe same as ASTM spec fies, in approximately six minutes. We ex- pect it to sell for around $10,000, thus making it highly competitive with the Ethyl/Union instrument.

SALFS NEWS Japanese Show: K.E. Hallikainen departs soon for Japan, where he will be on hand to explain and discuss our instruments which will be on display there at the Japanese Chemical Processes Show. Expecting between 200,000 and 300,000 visitors, this exposition will probably be the largest where we have ever shown our products. Invited by Teijin Shoji Kaisha, Ltd., we shall be showing our Diacon Moi- sture Analyzer, Oil on Water Detector, the Gravitrol, and the Distillation Analyzer. * * * In-Line Blender: The In-Line Blender, now installed in the mobile van, has been displayed the Bay Area recently, especially i mond and to Standard, Union, and Sh companies. Tentative plans are being dev- eloped for moving the van through other parts of this territory. A one-page story on the blender will 'appear in the September 7 issue of Chemi- cal Engineering magazine. *** Oil-on-Water-Detector Honor: The Oil on Water Detector has been voted one of the 100 top industrial dev- elopments of the year by Industrial Re- search magazine. As the developer of the instrument, Shell Development personnel will be on hand to receive the award at a .banquet in Chicagoin September. This award is equitient to an Oscar in the entertain- ment field, and as the licensee of the in- strument, we are proud to be associated with it. Tom Clark will represent H.I. in Chicago. The unit will be displayed there in the Museum of'science and Industry. * * * Solid State Thermotrol: The Solid State Thermotrol will be available for sale late this year. It *ill be shown& the October ISA show in N.S. Waner, F. Szantho and P.C. have been instrumentalin bringing state phase of the thermotrol

. 'TWAS THE GOOD OLD SUMMERTIME 11, it's all over for another year nd we're back on the job,refreshed, revitalized, full of great memories and a big desire to sleep in! Vacations took us long distances this year. Among the first to go were Tom Clark and Fred Wolff, off on their journeys to Europe. Tom and Britt Marie followed the sun to Paris, Geneva, Florence, Rome, and finally settled down to an idyllic week in Majorca. Who could ask for anything more? Fred and Hilde flaw to Frankfurt,rented a Ford Escort(that's a car,silly) and took off on a whirlwind tour of the continent. Driven by his inner clock to cover as much ground as possible in his allotted time, Fred zipped up the miles across Germany, Belgium, France. Whoa, Fred: Car trouble! A trade, and they were off again,this time in a Ford 17-M. Over the lovely, winding mountains, they went, with the beauties of Switzerland and Italy unfolding. South to Dubrovnik, in Yugoslavia, they drove, then north again to Austria, and back to Frank- o return the car and take to the sky isit to Berlin, Fred's old home,not n seventeen years. 1953? The Germany rope Fred remembers were recovering, out from the rubble of war. Now the highways hum with the traffic of prosperous countries; lights shine from contemporary high-rise apartments; living now is good, and comfortable, throughout westernmope. Impressed by the growth and advancement, Fred refused to spoil his trip by going to the Berlin Wall, preferring to keep his new impressions free of any war reminders. Best of all in the five-week trip? "The mountains, always the mountains." All signals were "go" this year, so Joyce Parker flew the friendly skies to Hawaii for the rest, the sightseeing, and for the wedding of her daughter. Back less than a month from the fairyland island, Joyce still murmurs "aloha" in response to the hellos and goodbyes of the day. Antti Fagerroos piled the family in the trusty VW Bus this year and took off for mountains, too. Over the roads they sped, singling out the majestic Grand Tetons and colorful Yellowstone Park for close inspection. And Arnie Hunn? Well, what would you expect Arnie to do? He helped somebody, of course: Up to the warmth of California's Betty Magovern heard the call of the Great Land, and headed for the new fron- tier - Alaska. The scenery was magnificent from the inland passage to Anchorage. The Glacier Bay Monument is breathtaking. And Anchorage? Though snugged down between high, snowy mountains and the long arm of Cook Inlet, Anchorage still seems raw, and waiting for the development which is on its way. The planning has been good. Two freeways are in,residential areas well be- gun, and wires are underground. A i& large good-looking buildings are centrally loca- ted in the expanding downtown, butthe best architecture is that of the Methodist Uni- versity and of some of the very expensive private homes. Though Anchorage is "a big city" to Alaskans, it reminds one of Oak- land in the days before Jack London Square and Kaiser Center...and much smaller.

r land, the Redding - Red Bluff area ing) he went, to help his dad build a rt. 110' in the shade and going up'. Frank Szantho spent a week at north shore at Tahoe, most of it on the King's Beach. (We understand the King wouldn't let him in the Castle.) Frank says he also spent some of his time (censored); and (censored). He also met Mary Sincicic on the golf course, but since they were both chaperoned nothing came of that. Bob Peacockand family decided to ride our fast-disappearing passenger trains on their summer trek to Canada and Texas. Two wide-apart directions, those! Ontario, Canada, Bob's home, was first goal,and San Antonio, Texas- visit friends,the second. Bob reports almost total lackof considera- tion for passengers: no berths, no diners: Those good days of padded linens, tinkling silver and smiling porters are lost. Norma Smith, husband, and children hied themselves to beautiful Idaho for clean air, invigorating hikes, and outdoor camping and living. Norma has some out- standing color prints to show how wonder- ful it was. The Sherwood Tribe, likewise, took to camping to restore their souls for the year ahead. They spent their two full weeks in Oregon, most at Bend and Diamond Lake. Once they ventured farther northwest but the fishing scores went down and they scurried back to Diamond Lake where Sam and Ricky had each caught prize 18" trout. Sparky Nelson and family made a lei- surely tour through California,down to the south and into Tijuana. They took in Dis- neyland on a pre-Hippie day, and finally, slowly, wandered homeward.