§ 101.3   Definitions.

   As used in this part:

   24  GHz  Service.  A  fixed  point-to-point,  point-to-multipoint, and
   multipoint-to-multipoint radio system in the 24.25-24.45 GHz band and in the
   25.05-25.25 GHz band consisting of a fixed main (nodal) station and a number
   of  fixed user terminals. This service may encompass any digital fixed
   service.

   Antenna power gain. The ratio of the maximum radiation intensity to that of
   an  isotropic  (omnidirectional) radiator in the far field of its main
   (forward direction) lobe.

   Antenna power input. The radio frequency peak or RMS power, as the case may
   be, supplied to the antenna from the antenna transmission line and its
   associated impedance matching network.

   Antenna  structure. The antenna, its supporting structure and anything
   attached to it.

   Assigned frequency. The center of the frequency band assigned to a station.

   Assigned frequency bandwidth. The frequency band within which the emission
   of a station is authorized; the width of the band equals the necessary
   bandwidth plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance.

   Authorized bandwidth. The maximum bandwidth authorized to be used by a
   station as specified in the station license. (See § 2.202 of this chapter)

   Authorized frequency. The frequency, or frequency range, assigned to a
   station by the Commission and specified in the instrument of authorization.

   Authorized power. The maximum power a station is permitted to use. This
   power is specified by the Commission in the station's authorization.

   Automatic Transmitter Power Control (ATPC). ATPC is a feature of a digital
   microwave radio system that adjusts the transmitter output power. ATPC
   allows the transmitter to operate at less than maximum power for most of the
   time. In a radio employing ATPC, the transmit power is reduced during normal
   operation conditions. When the receiver detects a reduction in signal level,
   a control signal is sent to the far end transmitter, instructing it to
   increase the power output to compensate for the signal reduction. The power
   output is limited to the licensed (maximum) transmit power. Guidelines for
   use of ATPC are set forth in the TIA Telecommunications Systems Bulletin TSB
   10, “Interference Criteria for Microwave Systems (TSB 10).”

   Bandwidth occupied by an emission. The band of frequencies comprising 99
   percent  of  the total radiated power extended to include any discrete
   frequency on which the power is at least 0.25 percent of the total radiated
   power.

   Bit rate. The rate of transmission of information in binary (two state) form
   in bits per unit time.

   Carrier. In a frequency stabilized system, the sinusoidal component of a
   modulated wave whose frequency is independent of the modulating wave; or the
   output of a transmitter when the modulating wave is made zero; or a wave
   generated at a point in the transmitting system and subsequently modulated
   by the signal; or a wave generated locally at the receiving terminal which
   when combined with the side bands in a suitable detector, produces the
   modulating wave.

   Carrier frequency. The output of a transmitter when the modulating wave is
   made zero.

   Central  office.  A landline termination center used for switching and
   interconnection of public message communication circuits.

   Common carrier fixed point-to-point microwave service. A common carrier
   public  radio  service  rendered on microwave frequencies by fixed and
   temporary fixed stations between points that lie within the United States or
   between points to its possessions or to points in Canada or Mexico.

   Communication common carrier. Any person engaged in rendering communication
   service for hire to the public.

   Control point. An operating position at which an operator responsible for
   the operation of the transmitter is stationed and which is under the control
   and supervision of the licensee.

   Control station. A fixed station, the transmissions of which are used to
   control automatically the emissions or operations of a radio station, or a
   remote base station transmitter.

   Coordination area. The area associated with a station outside of which
   another station sharing the same or adjacent frequency band neither causes
   nor is subject to interfering emissions greater than a permissible level.

   Coordination contour. The line enclosing the coordination area.

   Coordination distance. The distance on a given azimuth from a station beyond
   which another station neither causes nor is subject to interfering emissions
   greater than a permissible level.

   Digital Electronic Message Nodal Station. A fixed point-to-multipoint radio
   station  in  a  Digital  Electronic  Message Service providing two-way
   communication with Digital Electronic Message User Stations.

   Digital Electronic Message Service. A two-way end-to-end fixed radio service
   utilizing  digital  termination  systems  for  the exchange of digital
   information in the frequency bands 10,550-10,680 MHz, 18,820-18,920 MHz, and
   19,160-19,260  MHz.  This  service may also make use of point-to-point
   microwave facilities, satellite facilities or other communications media to
   interconnect digital termination systems to comprise a network.

   Digital Electronic Message User Station. Any one of the fixed microwave
   radio stations located at users' premises, lying within the coverage area of
   a Digital Electronic Message Nodal Station, and providing two-way digital
   communications with the Digital Electronic Message Nodal Station.

   Digital modulation. The process by which some characteristic (frequency,
   phase, amplitude or combinations thereof) of a carrier frequency is varied
   in accordance with a digital signal, e.g., one consisting of coded pulses or
   states.

   Drop point. A term used in the point-to-point microwave radio service to
   designate a terminal point where service is rendered to a subscriber.

   Earth station. A station located either on the Earth's surface or within the
   major portion of Earth's atmosphere and intended for communication:

   (1) With one or more space stations; or

   (2) With one or more stations of the same kind by means of one or more
   reflecting satellites or other objects in space.

   Effective Radiated Power (ERP). The product of the power supplied to the
   antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave dipole in a given direction.

   Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP). The product of the power
   supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative
   to an isotropic antenna.

   Exchange.  A  unit  of  a  communication  company or companies for the
   administration of communication service in a specified area, which usually
   embraces a city, town, or village and its environs, and consisting of one or
   more central offices, together with the associated plant, used in furnishing
   communication service in that area.

   Exchange area. The geographic area included within the boundaries of an
   exchange.

   Fixed satellite earth station. An earth station intended to be used at a
   specified fixed point.

   Fixed relay station. A fixed station associated with one or more stations,
   established to receive radio signals directed to it and to retransmit them
   automatically on a fixed service frequency.

   Fixed  service. A radio communications service between specified fixed
   points.

   Fixed station. A station in the fixed service.

   Frequency  tolerance.  The maximum permissible departure by the center
   frequency of the frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned
   frequency  or, by the characteristic frequency of an emission from the
   reference frequency.

   Note: The frequency tolerance is expressed as a percentage or in Hertzs.

   General communication. Two-way voice communication, through a base station,
   between:

   (1)  A  common  carrier land mobile or airborne station and a landline
   telephone station connected to a public message landline telephone system;

   (2) Two common carrier land mobile stations;

   (3) Two common carrier airborne stations;

   (4) A common carrier land mobile station and a common carrier airborne
   station.

   Harmful interference. Interference that endangers the functioning of a
   radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades,
   obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in
   accordance with these regulations.

   Internodal  link. A point-to-point communications link used to provide
   communications between nodal stations or to interconnect nodal stations to
   other communications media.

   Landing area. A landing area means any locality, either of land or water,
   including  airports and intermediate landing fields, which is used, or
   approved for use for the landing and take-off of aircraft, whether or not
   facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing, or repair of aircraft,
   or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.

   Local Multipoint Distribution Service Backbone Link. A point-to-point radio
   service link in a Local Multipoint Distribution Service System that is used
   to interconnect Local Multipoint Distribution Service Hub Stations with each
   other or with the public switched telephone network.

   Local Multipoint Distribution Service Hub Station. A fixed point-to-point or
   point-to-multipoint radio station in a Local Multipoint Distribution Service
   System that provides one-way or two-way communication with Local Multipoint
   Distribution Service Subscriber Stations.

   Local Multipoint Distribution Service Subscriber Station. Any one of the
   fixed microwave radio stations located at users' premises, lying within the
   coverage  area of a Local Multipoint Distribution Service Hub Station,
   capable  of receiving one-way communications from or providing two-way
   communications with the Local Multipoint Distribution Service Hub Station.

   Local Multipoint Distribution Service System. A fixed point-to-point or
   point-to-multipoint radio system consisting of Local Multipoint Distribution
   Service Hub Stations and their associated Local Multipoint Distribution
   Service Subscriber Stations.

   Local television transmission service. A public radio communication service
   for the transmission of television material and related communications.

   Long haul system. A microwave system licensed under this part in which the
   longest radio circuit of tandem radio paths exceeds 402 kilometers.

   Master station. A station in a multiple address radio system that controls,
   activates or interrogates four or more remote stations. Master stations
   performing  such  functions may also receive transmissions from remote
   stations.

   Message center. The point at which messages from members of the public are
   accepted by the carrier for transmission to the addressee.

   Microwave frequencies. As used in this part, this term refers to frequencies
   of 890 MHz and above.

   Microwave  link. A link is defined as a simplex communications circuit
   between two points utilizing a single frequency/polarization assignment. A
   duplex communications circuit would require two links, one link in each
   direction.

   Miscellaneous common carriers. Communications common carriers that are not
   engaged  in the business of providing either a public landline message
   telephone service or public message telegraph service.

   Mobile earth station. An earth station intended to be used while in motion
   or during halts at unspecified points.

   Mobile  service. A radio communication service between mobile and land
   stations or between mobile stations.

   Mobile station. A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in
   motion or during halts at unspecified points.

   Multichannel Video Distribution and Data Service (MVDDS). A fixed microwave
   service licensed in the 12.2-12.7 GHz band that provides various wireless
   services. Mobile and aeronautical operations are prohibited.

   Multiple address system (MAS). A point-to-multipoint or point-to-point radio
   communications system used for either one-way or two-way transmissions that
   operates in the 928/952/956 MHz, the 928/959 MHz or the 932/941 MHz bands in
   accordance with § 101.147.

   National Spatial Reference System. The National Spatial Reference System
   (NSRS) is the name given to all Geodetic Control information contained in
   the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data Base. This includes: A, B, First,
   Second, and Third Order horizontal and vertical control observed by NGS as
   well as data submitted by other agencies (i.e., USGS, BLM, States, Counties,
   Cities, and private surveying organizations).

   Necessary  bandwidth.  For a given class of emission, the width of the
   frequency  band  that is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of
   information  at the rate and with the quality required under specified
   conditions. The necessary bandwidth may be calculated using the formulas in
   § 2.202 of this chapter.

   Nodal station. The central or controlling stations in a microwave radio
   system  operating  on  point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint
   frequencies with one or more user stations or internodal links.

   Occupied bandwidth. The width of a frequency bandwidth such that, below the
   lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each
   equal to a specified percentage, B/2 of the total mean power of a given
   emission. Unless otherwise specified by the CCIR for the appropriate class
   of emission, the value of B/2 should be taken as 0.5%.

   Note: The percentage of the total power outside the occupied bandwidth is
   represented by B.

   Operational  fixed station. A private fixed station not open to public
   correspondence.

   Passive   repeater.   A   re-radiation   device   associated   with  a
   transmitting/receiving  antenna  system  that  re-directs  intercepted
   radiofrequency  energy. For example, it may consist of reflector(s) or
   back-to-back parabolic or horn antennas.

   Path length. The total distance of a path from the transmit to the receive
   antenna, inclusive of all passive repeaters, if any.

   Payload capacity. The bit rate available for transmission of data over a
   radiocommunication system, excluding overhead data generated by the system.

   Periscope antenna system. An antenna system which involves the use of a
   passive reflector to deflect radiation from or to a directional transmitting
   or receiving antenna which is oriented vertically or near vertically.

   Prior  coordination.  A  bilateral  process  conducted prior to filing
   applications which includes the distribution of the technical parameters of
   a proposed radio system to potentially affected parties for their evaluation
   and timely response.

   Private carrier. An entity licensed in the private service and authorized to
   provide communications service to other private service eligibles on a
   commercial basis.

   Private line service. A service whereby facilities for communication between
   two  or  more designated points are set aside for the exclusive use or
   availability for use of a particular customer and authorized users during
   stated periods of time.

   Private operational fixed point-to-point microwave service. A private radio
   service  rendered  by  fixed and temporary fixed stations on microwave
   frequencies for the exclusive use or availability for use of the licensee or
   other eligible entities for communication between two or more designated
   points. Service may be provided between points within the United States,
   points within United States possessions, or between the United States and
   points in Canada or Mexico.

   Public correspondence. Any telecommunication which the offices and stations
   must, by reason of their being at the disposal of the public, accept for
   transmission.

   Public message service. A service whereby facilities are offered to the
   public  for communication between all points served by a carrier or by
   interconnected  carriers  on a non-exclusive message by message basis,
   contemplating a separate connection for each occasion of use.

   Radio station. A separate transmitter or a group of transmitters under
   simultaneous common control, including the accessory equipment required for
   carrying on a radiocommunication service.

   Radiocommunication. Telecommunication by means of radio waves.

   Rated power output. The maximum radio frequency power output capability
   (peak  or average power) of a transmitter, under optimum conditions of
   adjustment and operation, specified by its manufacturer.

   Record communication. Any transmission of intelligence which is reduced to
   visual record form at the point of reception.

   Reference frequency. A frequency having a fixed and specified position with
   respect to the assigned frequency. The displacement of this frequency with
   respect to the assigned frequency has the same absolute value and sign that
   the displacement of the characteristic frequency has with respect to the
   centre of the frequency band occupied by the emission.

   Relay station. A fixed station used for the reception and retransmission of
   the signals of another station or stations.

   Remote station. A fixed station in a multiple address radio system that
   transmits one-way to one or more central receive sites, controls a master
   station, or is controlled, activated or interrogated by, and may respond to,
   a master station.

   Repeater  station.  A  fixed  station  established  for  the automatic
   retransmission of radiocommunications received from one or more mobile
   stations and directed to a specified location; for public mobile radio
   operations,  a fixed station that automatically retransmits the mobile
   communications and/or transmitter information about the base station, along
   a  fixed  point-to-point link between the base station and the central
   station.

   Secondary operations. Radio communications which may not cause interference
   to operations authorized on a primary basis and which are not protected from
   interference from these primary operations.

   Short haul system. A microwave system licensed under this part in which the
   longest radio circuit of tandem radio paths does not exceed 402 kilometers.

   Signal booster. A device at a fixed location which automatically receives,
   amplifies,  and retransmits on a one-way or two-way basis, the signals
   received from base, fixed, mobile, and portable stations, with no change in
   frequency or authorized bandwidth. A signal booster may be either narrowband
   (Class  A),  in  which  case the booster amplifies only those discrete
   frequencies intended to be retransmitted, or broadband (Class B), in which
   case  all signals within the passband of the signal booster filter are
   amplified.

   Signaling communication. One-way communications from a base station to a
   mobile or fixed receiver, or to multi-point mobile or fixed receivers by
   audible or subaudible means, for the purpose of actuating a signaling device
   in the receiver(s) or communicating information to the receiver(s), whether
   or not the information is to be retained in record form.

   Standby transmitter. A transmitter installed and maintained for use in lieu
   of the main transmitter only during periods when the main transmitter is out
   of service for maintenance or repair.

   Symbol rate. Modulation rate in bauds. This rate may be higher than the
   transmitted bit rate as in the case of coded pulses or lower as in the case
   of multilevel transmission.

   Telegraphy. A form of telecommunication which is concerned in any process
   providing transmission and reproduction at a distance of documentary matter,
   such as written or printed matter or fixed images, or the reproduction at a
   distance  of  any kind of information in such a form. Unless otherwise
   specified, telegraphy means a form of telecommunication for the transmission
   of written matter by the use of signal code.

   Telemetering. The use of telecommunication for automatic indicating or
   recording measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument.

   Telephony.  A form of telecommunication set up for the transmission of
   speech, or in some cases, other sounds.

   Television. A form of telecommunication for transmission of transient images
   of fixed or moving objects.

   Temporary fixed station. A station established in a non-permanent mode
   (temporary) at a specified location for a short period of time, ranging up
   to one year. Temporary-fixed operations are itinerant in nature, and are not
   to be confused with mobile-type operations.

   Universal Licensing System (ULS). The consolidated database, application
   filing system and processing system for all Wireless Telecommunications
   Services. The ULS offers Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (WTB) applicants
   and the general public electronic filing of all applications requests, and
   full public access to all WTB licensing data.

   User or subscriber station. The station(s) in a microwave radio system
   operating   at   the   users'   premises   on  point-to-multipoint  or
   multipoint-to-multipoint frequencies and communicating with one or more
   nodal stations.

   Video entertainment material. The transmission of a video signal (e.g.
   United States Standard Monochrome or National Television Systems Committee
   525-line  television) and an associated audio signal which is designed
   primarily to amuse or entertain, such as movies and games.

   [ 61 FR 26677 , May 28, 1996, as amended at  61 FR 29693 , June 12, 1996;  61 FR 31052 , June 19, 1996;  61 FR 44181 , Aug. 28, 1996;  62 FR 23163 , Apr. 29,
   1997;  63 FR 68981 , Dec. 14, 1998;  65 FR 17448 , Apr. 3, 2000;  65 FR 38326 ,
   June 20, 2000;  65 FR 59357 , Oct. 5, 2000;  67 FR 43037 , June 26, 2002;  68 FR 4955 , Jan. 31, 2003;  77 FR 54432 , Sept. 5, 2012]

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Subpart B—Applications and Licenses

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General Filing Requirements

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