Goto Section: 25.226 | 25.250 | Table of Contents
FCC 25.227
Revised as of October 1, 2014
Goto Year:2013 |
2015
§ 25.227 Blanket licensing provisions for Earth Stations Aboard Aircraft
(ESAAs) receiving in the 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz
(space-to-Earth), and 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) frequency bands and
transmitting in the 14.0-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) frequency band, operating
with Geostationary Satellites in the Fixed-Satellite Service.
(a) The following ongoing requirements govern all ESAA licensees and
operations in the 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz
(space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 14.0-14.5 GHz
(Earth-to-space) frequency bands receiving from and transmitting to
geostationary orbit satellites in the Fixed-Satellite Service. ESAA
licensees shall comply with the requirements in either paragraph
(a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section and all of the requirements
set forth in paragraphs (a)(4) through (a)(16) and paragraphs (c), (d),
and (e) of this section. Paragraph (b) of this section identifies items
that shall be included in the application for ESAA operations to
demonstrate that these ongoing requirements will be met.
(1) The following requirements shall apply to an ESAA that uses
transmitters with off-axis EIRP spectral-densities lower than or equal
to the levels in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. ESAA licensees
operating under this section shall provide a detailed demonstration as
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The ESAA transmitter
also shall comply with the antenna pointing and cessation of emission
requirements in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section.
(i) An ESAA licensee shall not exceed the off-axis EIRP
spectral-density limits and conditions defined in paragraphs
(a)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this subsection.
(A) The off-axis EIRP spectral-density for co-polarized signals emitted
from the ESAA, in the plane of the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO)
as it appears at the particular earth station location, shall not
exceed the following values:
15 - 10 log10 (N) - 25 log10th dBW/4 kHz For 1.5DEG <=th <=7DEG
-6 - 10 log10 (N) dBW/4 kHz For 7DEG 7.0DEG. For th greater than 7.0DEG, the
envelope shall be exceeded by no more than 10% of the sidelobes,
provided no individual sidelobe exceeds the envelope given above by
more than 3 dB.
(B) In all directions other than along the GSO, the off-axis EIRP
spectral-density for co-polarized signals emitted from the ESAA shall
not exceed the following values:
18 - 10 log10 (N) - 25log log10th dBW/4 kHz For 3.0DEG <=th <=48DEG
-24 - 10 log10 (N) dBW/4 kHz For 48DEG | 25.209 of
this title would be protected from interference.
(3) The following requirements shall apply to an ESAA system that uses
variable power-density control of individual simultaneously
transmitting co-frequency ESAA earth stations in the same satellite
receiving beam. An ESAA system operating under this subsection shall
provide a detailed demonstration as described in paragraph (b)(3) of
this section.
(i) The effective aggregate EIRP density from all terminals shall be at
least 1 dB below the off-axis EIRP density limits defined in paragraph
(a)(1)(i)(A) through (C), with the value of N=1. In this context the
term "effective" means that the resultant co-polarized and
cross-polarized EIRP density experienced by any GSO or non-GSO
satellite shall not exceed that produced by a single transmitter
operating 1 dB below the limits defined in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)
through (C). The individual ESAA transmitter shall automatically cease
emissions within 100 milliseconds if the ESAA transmitter exceeds the
off-axis EIRP density limits minus 1 dB specified above. If one or more
ESAA transmitters causes the aggregate off-axis EIRP-densities to
exceed the off-axis EIRP density limits minus 1dB specified above, then
the transmitter or transmitters shall cease or reduce emissions within
100 milliseconds of receiving a command from the system's network
control and monitoring center. An ESAA system operating under this
subsection shall provide a detailed demonstration as described in
paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section.
(ii) The following requirements shall apply to an ESAA that uses
off-axis EIRP spectral-densities in excess of the levels in paragraph
(a)(3)(i) of this section. An ESAA system operating under this
subsection shall file certifications and provide a detailed
demonstration as described in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(3)(iii) of
this section.
(A) If a good faith agreement cannot be reached between the target
satellite operator and the operator of a future satellite that is
located within 6 degrees longitude of the target satellite, the ESAA
shall operate at an EIRP density defined in (a)(3)(i) of this section.
(B) The ESAA shall operate in accordance with the off-axis EIRP
spectral-densities that the ESAA supplied to the target satellite
operator in order to obtain the certifications listed in paragraph
(b)(3)(ii) of this section. The individual ESAA terminals shall
automatically cease emissions within 100 milliseconds if the ESAA
transmitter exceeds the off-axis EIRP spectral-densities supplied to
the target satellite operator. The overall system shall be capable of
shutting off an individual transmitter or the entire system if the
aggregate off-axis EIRP spectral-densities exceed those supplied to the
target satellite operator.
(C) The ESAA shall transmit only to the target satellite system(s)
referred to in the certifications required by paragraph (b)(3) of this
section.
(4) An applicant filing to operate an ESAA terminal or system and
planning to use a contention protocol shall certify that its contention
protocol use will be reasonable.
(5) There shall be a point of contact in the United States, with phone
number and address, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with
authority and ability to cease all emissions from the ESAA.
(6) For each ESAA transmitter, a record of the vehicle location (i.e.,
latitude/longitude/altitude), transmit frequency, channel bandwidth and
satellite used shall be time annotated and maintained for a period of
not less than one year. Records shall be recorded at time intervals no
greater than one (1) minute while the ESAA is transmitting. The ESAA
operator shall make this data available, in the form of a comma
delimited electronic spreadsheet, within 24 hours of a request from the
Commission, NTIA, or a frequency coordinator for purposes of resolving
harmful interference events. A description of the units (i.e., degrees,
minutes, MHz * * *.) in which the records values are recorded will be
supplied along with the records.
(7) In the 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 11.45-11.7 GHz
(space-to-Earth) frequency bands ESAAs shall not claim protection from
interference from any authorized terrestrial stations to which
frequencies are either already assigned, or may be assigned in the
future.
(8) An ESAA terminal receiving in the 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth)
bands shall receive protection from interference caused by space
stations other than the target space station only to the degree to
which harmful interference would not be expected to be caused to an
earth station employing an antenna conforming to the referenced
patterns defined in paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 25.209 and
stationary at the location at which any interference occurred.
(9) Each ESAA terminal shall automatically cease transmitting within
100 milliseconds upon loss of reception of the satellite downlink
signal or when it detects that unintended satellite tracking has
happened or is about to happen.
(10) Each ESAA terminal should be subject to the monitoring and control
by an NCMC or equivalent facility. Each terminal must be able to
receive at least "enable transmission" and "disable transmission"
commands from the NCMC and must automatically cease transmissions
immediately on receiving any "parameter change command," which may
cause harmful interference during the change, until it receives an
"enable transmission" command from its NCMC. In addition, the NCMC must
be able to monitor the operation of an ESAA terminal to determine if it
is malfunctioning.
(11) Each ESAA terminal shall be self-monitoring and, should a fault
which can cause harmful interference to FSS networks be detected, the
terminal must automatically cease transmissions.
(12) Unless otherwise stated all ESAA system that comply with the
off-axis EIRP spectral-density limits in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this
section may request Permitted List authority.
(13) ESAA providers operating in the international airspace within
line-of-sight of the territory of a foreign administration where fixed
service networks have primary allocation in this band, the maximum
power flux density (pfd) produced at the surface of the Earth by
emissions from a single aircraft carrying an ESAA terminal should not
exceed the following values unless the foreign Administration has
imposed other conditions for protecting its fixed service stations:
-132 + 0.5 . th dB(W/(m^2 . MHz)) For th <=40DEG
-112 dB(W/(m^2 . MHz)) For 40DEG | 25.227(a) and measured
off-axis EIRP density levels of the proposed earth station antenna in
the direction of the plane of the GSO; the co-polarized EIRP density in
the elevation plane, that is, the plane perpendicular to the plane of
the GSO; and cross-polarized EIRP density. Each table shall provide the
EIRP density level at increments of 0.1DEG for angles between 0DEG and
10DEG off-axis, and at increments of 5DEG for angles between 10DEG and
180DEG off-axis.
(A) For purposes of the off-axis EIRP density table in the plane of the
GSO, the off-axis angle is the angle in degrees from the line
connecting the focal point of the antenna to the orbital location of
the target satellite, and the plane of the GSO is determined by the
focal point of the antenna and the line tangent to the arc of the GSO
at the orbital position of the target satellite.
(B) For purposes of the off-axis co-polarized EIRP density table in the
elevation plane, the off-axis angle is the angle in degrees from the
line connecting the focal point of the antenna to the orbital location
of the target satellite, and the elevation plane is defined as the
plane perpendicular to the plane of the GSO defined in paragraph
(b)(1)(i)(A) of this section.
(C) For purposes of the cross-polarized EIRP density table, the
off-axis angle is the angle in degrees from the line connecting the
focal point of the antenna to the orbital location of the target
satellite and the plane of the GSO as defined in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A)
of this section will be used.
(ii) An ESAA applicant shall include a certification, in Schedule B,
that the ESAA antenna conforms to the gain pattern criteria of
§ 25.209(a) and (b), that, combined with the maximum input power
density calculated from the EIRP density less the antenna gain, which
is entered in Schedule B, demonstrates that the off-axis EIRP spectral
density envelope set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) through
(a)(1)(i)(C) of this section will be met under the assumption that the
antenna is pointed at the target satellite.
(iii) An ESAA applicant proposing to implement a transmitter under
paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) of this section shall:
(A) Demonstrate that the total tracking error budget of their antenna
is within 0.2DEG or less between the orbital location of the target
satellite and the axis of the main lobe of the ESAA antenna. As part of
the engineering analysis, the ESAA applicant must show that the antenna
pointing error is within three sigma () from the mean value, i.e., that
there is a 0.997 probability the antenna maintains a pointing error
within 0.2DEG; and
(B) Demonstrate that the antenna tracking system is capable of ceasing
emissions within 100 milliseconds if the angle between the orbital
location of the target satellite and the axis of the main lobe of the
ESAA antenna exceeds 0.5DEG.
(iv) An ESAA applicant proposing to implement a transmitter under
paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section shall:
(A) Declare, in its application, a maximum antenna pointing error and
demonstrate that the maximum antenna pointing error can be achieved
without exceeding the off-axis EIRP spectral-density limits in
paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section; and
(B) Demonstrate that the ESAA transmitter can detect if the transmitter
exceeds the declared maximum antenna pointing error and can cease
transmission within 100 milliseconds if the angle between the orbital
location of the target satellite and the axis of the main lobe of the
ESAA antenna exceeds the declared maximum antenna pointing error, and
will not resume transmissions until the angle between the orbital
location of the target satellite and the axis of the main lobe of the
ESAA antenna is less than or equal to the declared maximum antenna
pointing error.
(2) An ESAA applicant proposing to implement a transmitter under
paragraph (a)(2) of this section and using off-axis EIRP
spectral-densities in excess of the levels in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of
this section shall provide the following certifications and
demonstration as exhibits to its earth station application:
(i) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that the
proposed operation of the ESAA has the potential to create harmful
interference to satellite networks adjacent to the target satellite(s)
that may be unacceptable.
(ii) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that the
power density levels that the ESAA applicant provided to the target
satellite operator are consistent with the existing coordination
agreements between its satellite(s) and the adjacent satellite systems
within 6DEG of orbital separation from its satellite(s).
(iii) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that it
will include the power-density levels of the ESAA applicant in all
future coordination agreements.
(iv) A demonstration from the ESAA operator that the ESAA system will
comply with all coordination agreements reached by the satellite
operator and is capable of detecting and automatically ceasing
emissions within 100 milliseconds when the transmitter exceeds the
off-axis EIRP spectral-densities supplied to the target satellite
operator.
(3) An ESAA applicant proposing to implement an ESAA system under
paragraph (a)(3) of this section and using variable power-density
control of individual simultaneously transmitting co-frequency ESAA
earth stations in the same satellite receiving beam shall provide the
following certifications and demonstration as exhibits to its earth
station application:
(i) The applicant shall make a detailed showing of the measures it
intends to employ to maintain the effective aggregate EIRP density from
all simultaneously transmitting co-frequency terminals operating with
the same satellite transponder at least 1 dB below the off-axis EIRP
density limits defined in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this
section. In this context the term "effective" means that the resultant
co-polarized and cross-polarized EIRP density experienced by any GSO or
non-GSO satellite shall not exceed that produced by a single ESAA
transmitter operating at 1 dB below the limits defined in paragraphs
(a)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this section. The ESAA applicant also shall
provide a detailed showing that one or more transmitters are capable of
automatically ceasing or reducing emissions within 100 milliseconds of
receiving a command from the system's network control and monitoring
center that the aggregate off-axis EIRP spectral-densities of the
transmitter or transmitters exceed the off-axis EIRP-density limits
specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section. The International
Bureau will place this showing on public notice along with the
application.
(ii) An applicant proposing to implement an ESAA system under paragraph
(a)(3)(ii) of this section that uses off-axis EIRP spectral-densities
in excess of the levels in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section shall
provide the following certifications, demonstration and list of
satellites as exhibits to its earth station application:
(A) A detailed showing of the measures the applicant intends to employ
to maintain the effective aggregate EIRP density from all
simultaneously transmitting co-frequency terminals operating with the
same satellite transponder at the EIRP density limits supplied to the
target satellite operator. The International Bureau will place this
showing on Public Notice along with the application.
(B) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that the
proposed operation of the ESAA has the potential to create harmful
interference to satellite networks adjacent to the target satellite(s)
that may be unacceptable.
(C) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that the
aggregate power-density levels that the ESAA applicant provided to the
target satellite operator are consistent with the existing coordination
agreements between its satellite(s) and the adjacent satellite systems
within 6DEG of orbital separation from its satellite(s).
(D) A statement from the target satellite operator certifying that it
will include the aggregate power-density levels of the ESAA applicant
in all future coordination agreements.
(E) A demonstration from the ESAA operator that the ESAA system is
capable of detecting and automatically ceasing emissions within 100
milliseconds when an individual transmitter exceeds the off-axis EIRP
spectral-densities supplied to the target satellite operator and that
the overall system is capable of shutting off an individual transmitter
or the entire system if the aggregate off-axis EIRP spectral-densities
exceed those supplied to the target satellite operator.
(F) An identification of the specific satellite or satellites with
which the ESAA system will operate.
(4) There shall be an exhibit included with the application describing
the geographic area(s) in which the ESAA will operate.
(5) Any ESAA applicant filing for an ESAA terminal or system and
planning to use a contention protocol shall include in its application
a certification that will comply with the requirements of paragraph
(a)(4) of this section.
(6) The point of contact referred to in paragraph (a)(5) of this
section shall be included in the application.
(7) Any ESAA applicant filing for an ESAA terminal or system shall
include in its application a certification that will comply with the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(6), (a)(9), (a)(10), and (a)(11) of this
section.
(8) All ESAA applicants shall submit a radio frequency hazard analysis
determining via calculation, simulation, or field measurement whether
ESAA terminals, or classes of terminals, will produce power densities
that will exceed the Commission's radio frequency exposure criteria.
ESAA applicants with ESAA terminals that will exceed the guidelines in
§ 1.1310 of this chapter for radio frequency radiation exposure shall
provide, with their environmental assessment, a plan for mitigation of
radiation exposure to the extent required to meet those guidelines. All
ESAA licensees shall ensure installation of ESAA terminals on aircraft
by qualified installers who have an understanding of the antenna's
radiation environment and the measures best suited to maximize
protection of the general public and persons operating the vehicle and
equipment. An ESAA terminal exhibiting radiation exposure levels
exceeding 1.0 mW/cm2 in accessible areas, such as at the exterior
surface of the radome, shall have a label attached to the surface of
the terminal warning about the radiation hazard and shall include
thereon a diagram showing the regions around the terminal where the
radiation levels could exceed 1.0 mW/cm2.
(c)(1) Operations of ESAAs in the 14.0-14.2 GHz (Earth-to-space)
frequency band in the radio line-of-sight of the NASA TDRSS facilities
on Guam (latitude 13DEG36'55'' N, longitude 144DEG51'22'' E) or White
Sands, New Mexico (latitude 32DEG20'59'' N, longitude 106DEG36'31'' W
and latitude 32DEG32'40'' N, longitude 106DEG36'48'' W) are subject to
coordination with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) through the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NTIA) Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC).
Licensees shall notify the International Bureau once they have
completed coordination. Upon receipt of such notification from a
licensee, the International Bureau will issue a public notice stating
that the licensee may commence operations within the coordination zone
in 30 days if no party has opposed the operations.
(2) When NTIA seeks to provide similar protection to future TDRSS sites
that have been coordinated through the IRAC Frequency Assignment
Subcommittee process, NTIA will notify the Commission's International
Bureau that the site is nearing operational status. Upon public notice
from the International Bureau, all Ku-band ESAA licensees shall cease
operations in the 14.0-14.2 GHz band within radio line-of-sight of the
new TDRSS site until the licensees complete coordination with NTIA/IRAC
for the new TDRSS facility. Licensees shall notify the International
Bureau once they have completed coordination for the new TDRSS site.
Upon receipt of such notification from a licensee, the International
Bureau will issue a public notice stating that the licensee may
commence operations within the coordination zone in 30 days if no party
has opposed the operations. The ESAA licensee then will be permitted to
commence operations in the 14.0-14.2 GHz band within radio
line-of-sight of the new TDRSS site, subject to any operational
constraints developed in the coordination process.
(d)(1) Operations of ESAA in the 14.47-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)
frequency band in the radio line-of-sight of radio astronomy service
(RAS) observatories observing in the 14.47-14.5 GHz band are subject to
coordination with the National Science Foundation (NSF). The
appropriate NSF contact point to initiate coordination is
Electromagnetic Spectrum Manager, NSF, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1045,
Arlington VA 22203, fax 703-292-9034, email esm@nsf.gov. Licensees
shall notify the International Bureau once they have completed
coordination. Upon receipt of the coordination agreement from a
licensee, the International Bureau will issue a public notice stating
that the licensee may commence operations within the coordination zone
in 30 days if no party has opposed the operations.
(2) A list of applicable RAS sites and their locations can be found in
§ 25.226(d)(2) Table 1.
(3) When NTIA seeks to provide similar protection to future RAS sites
that have been coordinated through the IRAC Frequency Assignment
Subcommittee process, NTIA will notify the Commission's International
Bureau that the site is nearing operational status. Upon public notice
from the International Bureau, all Ku-band ESAA licensees shall cease
operations in the 14.47-14.5 GHz band within the relevant geographic
zone of the new RAS site until the licensees complete coordination for
the new RAS facility. Licensees shall notify the International Bureau
once they have completed coordination for the new RAS site and shall
submit the coordination agreement to the Commission. Upon receipt of
such notification from a licensee, the International Bureau will issue
a public notice stating that the licensee may commence operations
within the coordination zone in 30 days if no party has opposed the
operations. The ESAA licensee then will be permitted to commence
operations in the 14.47-14.5 GHz band within the relevant coordination
distance around the new RAS site, subject to any operational
constraints developed in the coordination process.
[ 78 FR 14927 , Mar. 8, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 8324 , Feb. 12, 2014; 79 FR 26868 , May 12, 2014]
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Goto Section: 25.226 | 25.250
Goto Year: 2013 |
2015
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