Sec.  25.208   Power flux density limits.

   (a) In the band 3650–4200 MHz, the power flux density at the Earth's surface
   produced by emissions from a space station for all conditions and for all
   methods of modulation shall not exceed the following values:

   −152 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −152+(δ−5)/2  dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −142 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane

   These limits relate to the power flux density which would be obtained under
   assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (b) In the bands 10.95–11.2 and 11.45–11.7 GHz for GSO FSS space stations
   and 10.7–11.7 GHz for NGSO FSS space stations, the power flux-density at the
   Earth's  surface  produced  by  emissions from a space station for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the lower of
   the following values:

   (1) −150 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane; −150 + (δ−5)/2 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz
   band for angles of arrival (δ) (in degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above
   the horizontal plane; and −140 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of
   arrival between 25 and 90 degrees above the horizontal plane; or

   (2) −126 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane; −126 + (δ−5)/2 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz
   band for angles of arrival (δ) (in degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above
   the horizontal plane; and −116 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of
   arrival between 25 and 90 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   Note to paragraph(b): These limits relate to the power flux density, which
   would be obtained under assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (c) In the 17.7–17.8 GHz, 18.3–18.8 GHz, 19.3–19.7 GHz, 22.55–23.00 GHz,
   23.00–23.55 GHz, and 24.45–24.75 GHz frequency bands, the power flux density
   at the Earth's surface produced by emissions from a space station for all
   conditions for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the following
   values:

   (1) −115 dB (W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane.

   (2) −115 + 0.5 (δ-5) dB (W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival d
   (in degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   (3) −105 dB (W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and
   90 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   (d) In addition to the limits specified in paragraph (c) of this section,
   the power flux-density across the 200 MHz band 18.6–18.8 GHz produced at the
   Earth's surface by emissions from a space station under assumed free-space
   propagation conditions shall not exceed −95 dB (W/m^2 ) for all angles of
   arrival. This limit may be exceeded by up to 3 dB for no more than 5% of the
   time.

   (e) In the 18.8–19.3 GHz frequency band, the power flux-density at the
   Earth's  surface  produced  by  emissions from a space station for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the following
   values:
   −115−X dB(W/m^2÷MHz)                 for 0 ° ≤ δ < 5 °
   −115−X+((10+X)/20)(δ−5)dB(W/m^2÷MHz) for 5 ° ≤ δ < 25 °
   −105 dB(W/m^2÷MHz)                   for 25 ° ≤ δ < 90 °

   Where:

   δ: is the angle of arrival above the horizontal plane; and

   X is defined as a function of the number of satellites in the non-GSO FSS
   constellation, n, as follows:
   for n ≤ 50       X = 0 (dB)
   for 50 < n ≤ 288 X = (5/119) (n − 50) (dB)
   for n > 288      X = (1/69) (n + 402) (dB)

   (f) [Reserved]

   (g) In the frequency bands 10.7–11.7 GHz and 11.7–12.2 GHz, the single-entry
   equivalent power-flux density in the space-to-Earth direction (EPFD[down]),
   at  any  point  on the Earth's surface, produced by emissions from all
   co-frequency space stations of a single non-geostationary-satellite orbit
   (NGSO) system operating in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not
   exceed the following limits for the given percentages of time. Tables 1G and
   2G follow:

   Table 1G—Single-Entry EPFD[down]Limits for Protection of 0.6, 1.2, 3 and 10
   Meter GSO FSS Earth Station Antennas^1,2
   Frequency band (GHz) for International
   Allocations Single-entry EPFD[down]dB(W/m^2) Percentage of time during which
   EPFD[down]level may not be exceeded Reference bandwidth (kHz) Reference
   antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern^3
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −175.4
   −174
   −170.8
   −165.3
   −160.4
   −160
   −160 0
   90
   99
   99.73
   99.991
   99.997
   100 40 60 cm, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −181.9
   −178.4
   −173.4
   −173
   −164
   −161.6
   −161.4
   −160.8
   −160.5
   −160
   −160 0
   99.5
   99.74
   99.857
   99.954
   99.984
   99.991
   99.997
   99.997
   99.9993
   100 40 1.2 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −190.45
   −189.45
   −187.45
   −182.4
   −182
   −168
   −164
   −162
   −160
   −160 0
   90
   99.5
   99.7
   99.855
   99.971
   99.988
   99.995
   99.999
   100 40 3 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −195.45
   −195.45
   −190
   −190
   −172.5
   −160
   −160 0
   99
   99.65
   99.71
   99.99
   99.998
   100 40 10 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.

   ^1In addition to the limits shown in Table 1G, the limits shown in Table 2G
   shall apply to all antenna sizes greater than 60 cm in the frequency bands
   listed in Table 1G.

   ^2For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete
   curve  on  a  plot which is linear in decibels for the EPFD levels and
   logarithmic for the time percentages, with straight lines joining the data
   points.

   ^3The earth station antenna reference radiation patterns are to be used only
   for the calculation of interference from NGSO FSS systems into GSO FSS
   systems.

   Table 2G—Single-Entry EPFD[down]Limits Radiated By Non-GSO FSS Systems At
   Certain Latitudes
   100% of the time EPFD[down]dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) Latitude (North or South in
   degrees)
   –160 0 < | Latitude | ≤ 57.5.
   –160 + 3.4 (57.5 − | Latitude | )/4 57.5 < | Latitude | ≤ 63.75
   –165.3 63.75 ≤ | Latitude |

   Note to paragraph(g): These limits relate to the equivalent power flux
   density, which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions,
   for all conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (h) In the frequency bands 10.7–11.7 GHz and 11.7–12.2 GHz, the aggregate
   equivalent power-flux density in the space-to-Earth direction (EPFD[down]),
   at  any  point  on the Earth's surface, produced by emissions from all
   co-frequency space stations of all non-geostationary-satellite orbit systems
   operating  in  the  fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not exceed the
   following limits for the given percentages of time. Tables 1H and 2H follow:

   Table 1H—Aggregate EPFD[down]Limits for Protection of 0.6, 1.2, 3 and 10
   Meter GSO FSS Earth Station Antennas^1
   Frequency band (GHz) for International Allocations Aggregate
   EPFD[down]dB(W/m^2) Percentage of time during which EPFD[down]may not be
   exceeded Reference bandwidth (kHz) Reference antenna diameter and reference
   radiation pattern^2
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −170
   −168.6
   −165.3
   −160.4
   −160
   −160 0
   90
   99
   99.97
   99.99
   100 40 60 cm, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −176.5
   −173
   −164
   −161.6
   −164.4
   −160.8
   −160.5
   −160
   −160 0
   99.5
   99.84
   99.945
   99.97
   99.99
   99.99
   99.9975
   100 40 1.2 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −185
   −184
   −182
   −168
   −164
   −162
   −160
   −160 0
   90
   99.5
   99.9
   99.96
   99.982
   99.997
   100 40 3 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.
   10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2; 12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and
   12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −190
   −190
   −166
   −160
   −160 0
   99
   99.99
   99.998
   100 40 10 m, Recommendation ITU-R S.1428.

   ^1In  addition  to  the  limits  shown  in  Table  1H,  the  aggregate
   EPFD[down]limits shown in Table 2H shall apply to all antenna sizes greater
   than 60 cm in the frequency bands listed in Table 1H.

   ^2The earth station antenna reference patterns are to be used only for the
   calculation of interference from NGSO FSS systems into GSO FSS systems.

   Table 2H—Single-Entry EPFD[down]Limits Radiated By Non-GSO FSS Systems At
   Certain Latitudes
   100% of the time EPFD[down]dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) Latitude (North or South in
   degrees)
   –160 0 < | Latitude | ≤ 57.5
   –160 + 3.4 (57.5 − | Latitude |)/4 57.5 < | Latitude | ≤ 63.75
   –165.3 63.75 ≤ | Latitude |

   Note to paragraph(h): These limits relate to the equivalent power flux
   density, which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions,
   for all conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (i) In the frequency bands 10.7–11.7 GHz and 11.7–12.2 GHz, the additional
   operational equivalent power-flux density, in the space-to-Earth direction,
   (additional operational EPFD[down]) at any point on the Earth's surface,
   produced  by  actual operational emissions from all co-frequency space
   stations of a non-geostationary-satellite orbit (NGSO) system operating in
   the fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not exceed the following operational
   limits for the given percentages of time:

   Additional Operational Limits on the EPFD[down]Radiated by Non-GSO FSS
   Systems Into 3 m and 10 m GSO FSS Earth Station Antennas
   EPFD[down]dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) Percentage of time during which EPFD[down]may
   not be exceeded Receive GSO earth station
   antenna diameter (m)
   −182 99.9
   −179 99.94
   −176 99.97
   −171 99.98
   −168 99.984 3
   −165 99.993
   −163 99.999
   −161.25 99.99975
   −161.25 100
   −185 99.97
   −183 99.98
   −179 99.99
   −175 99.996
   −171 99.998 10
   −168 99.999
   −166 99.9998
   −166 100

   Note to paragraph(i): These limits relate to the equivalent power flux
   density, which is obtained under free-space propagation conditions, for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (j) In the frequency bands 10.7–11.7 GHz and 11.7–12.2 GHz, the operational
   equivalent power-flux density, in the space-to-Earth direction, (operational
   EPFD[down])  at  any  point on the Earth's surface, produced by actual
   operational emissions from the in-line co-frequency space station of a
   non-geostationary-satellite  orbit  (NGSO)  system  operating  in  the
   fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not exceed the following operational
   limits for 100% of the time:

   Operational Limits to the EPFD[down]Radiated by Non-GSO FSS Systems in
   Certain Frequency Bands^1
   Frequency band (GHz) for International allocations EPFD[down]dB(W/m^2)
   Percentage of time during which EPFD[down]may not be exceeded Reference
   bandwidth (kHz) Receive GSO earth station antenna diameter^2(m) Orbital
   inclination of GSO satelite (degrees)
   Prior to 31 December 2005: 10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Regions 2;
   12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and 12.5;–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −163
   −166
   −167.5
   −169.5
   100
   40 3
   6
   9
   ≥18
   ≤2.5
   Prior to 31 December 2005: 10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2;
   12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and 12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −160
   −163
   −164.5
   −166.5
   100
   40 3
   6
   9
   ≥18
   >2.5 and ≤4.5
   From 31 December 2005: 10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2;
   12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and 12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −161.25
   −164
   −165.5
   −167.5
   100
   40 3
   6
   9
   ≥18
   ≤2.5
   From 31 December 2005: 10.7–11.7 in all Regions; 11.7–12.2 in Region 2;
   12.2–12.5 in Region 3; and 12.5–12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 −158.25
   −161
   −162.5
   −164.5
   100
   40 3
   6
   9
   ≥18
   >2.5 and ≤4.5

   ^1The operational limits on the EPFD[down]radiated by non-GSO FSS systems
   shall be the values given in Table 2G or this table, whichever are the more
   stringent.

   ^2For antenna diameters between the values given in this table, the limits
   are given by linear interpolation using a linear scale for EPFD[down]in
   decibels and a logarithmic scale for antenna diameter in meters.

   Note to paragraph(j): These limits relate to the operational equivalent
   power flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation
   conditions, for all conditions, for all methods of modulation and for the
   specified inclined GSO FSS operations.

   (k) In the frequency bands 12.75–13.15 GHz, 13.2125–13.25 GHz and 13.75–14.5
   GHz, the equivalent power flux-density, in the Earth-to-space direction,
   (EPFD[up]) produced at any point on the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO)
   by the emissions from all co-frequency earth stations in a non-geostationary
   satellite  orbit  fixed-satellite  service  (NGSO FSS) system, for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the following
   limits for the specified percentages of time limits:

   Limits to the EPFD[up]Radiated by NGSO FSS Systems in Certain Frequency
   Bands
   Frequency band (GHz) for International Allocations EPFD[up]dB(W/m^2)
   Percentage  of time during which EPFD[up]may not be exceeded Reference
   bandwidth  (kHz)  Reference  antenna beamwidth and reference radiation
   pattern^1
   12.5–12.75; 12.75–13.25; 13.75–14.5 −160 100 40 4 °
   ITU-R S.672–4,
   Ls=−20

   ^1For the case of L[s]= −10, the values a = 1.83 and b = 6.32 should be used
   in  the  equations  in  the  Annex of Recommendation ITU-R S.672–4 for
   single-feed circular beams. In all cases of L[s], the parabolic main beam
   equation should start at zero.

   Note to paragraph(k): These limits relate to the uplink equivalent power
   flux  density,  which  would  be obtained under free-space propagation
   conditions, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (l) In the frequency bands 11.7–12.2 GHz and 12.5–12.75 GHz in Region 3,
   11.7–12.5 GHz in Region 1 and 12.2–12.7 GHz in Region 2, the single-entry
   equivalent   power-flux  density,  in  the  space-to-Earth  direction,
   (EPFD[down]), at any point on the Earth's surface, produced by emissions
   from all co-frequency space stations of a single non-geostationary-satellite
   orbit (NGSO) system operating in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not
   exceed the following limits in Tables 1L and 2L for the given percentages of
   time:

   Table 1L—Single-Entry EPFDDown Limits for Protection of 30, 45, 60, 90, 120,
   180, 240 and 300 CM GSO BSS Earth Station Antennas^1,2,3,5
   Frequency band (GHz) for international
   allocations EPDF[down]dB(W/m^2) Percentage of time during which
   EPFD[down]level may not be exceeded Reference bandwidth (kHz) Reference
   antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern^4
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −165.841
   −165.541
   −164.041
   −158.6
   −158.6
   −158.33
   −158.33 0
   25
   96
   98.857
   99.429
   99.429
   99.429
   100 40 30 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −175.441
   −172.441
   −169.441
   −164
   −160.75
   −160
   −160 0
   66
   97.75
   99.357
   99.809
   99.986
   100 40 45 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −176.441
   −173.191
   −167.75
   −162
   −161
   −160.2
   −160
   −160 0
   97.8
   99.371
   99.886
   99.943
   99.971
   99.997
   100 40 60 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO. 1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −178.94
   −178.44
   −176.44
   −171
   −165.5
   −163
   −161
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   98
   99.429
   99.714
   99.857
   99.943
   99.991
   100 40 90 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −182.44
   −180.69
   −179.19
   −178.44
   −174.94
   −173.75
   −173
   −169.5
   −167.8
   −164
   −161.9
   −161
   −160.4
   −160 0
   90
   98.9
   98.9
   99.5
   99.68
   99.68
   99.85
   99.915
   99.94
   99.97
   99.99
   99.998
   100 40 120 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −184.941
   −184.101
   −181.691
   −176.25
   −163.25
   −161.5
   −160.35
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   98.5
   99.571
   99.946
   99.974
   99.993
   99.999
   100 40 180 cm^3
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −187.441
   −186.341
   −183.441
   −178
   −161.4
   −161.9
   −160.5
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   99.25
   99.786
   99.957
   99.983
   99.994
   99.999
   100 40 240 cm^2
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 1.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −191.941
   −189.441
   −185.941
   −180.5
   −173
   −167
   −162
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   99.5
   99.857
   99.914
   99.951
   99.983
   99.991
   100 40 300 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 Annex 1

   ^1For BSS antenna diameters 180 cm, 240 cm and 300 cm, in addition to the
   single-entry limits shown in Table 1L, the limits in Table 2L shall also
   apply in the frequency band listed in Table 1L.

   ^2For 240 cm GSO BSS earth station antennas located in Alaska, communicating
   with GSO BSS satellites at the 91 ° W.L., 101 ° W.L., 110 ° W.L., 119 ° W.L. and
   148 ° W.L. nominal orbital locations with elevation angles greater than 5 °,
   −167  dB(W/(m^2/40  kHz))  single-entry  100%  of the time operational
   EPFD[down]limit also applies to receive antennas.

   ^3For 180 cm GSO BSS earth station antennas located in Hawaii communicating
   with GSO BSS satellites that are operational as of December 30, 1999 at the
   110 °  W.L.,  119 ° W.L. and 148 ° W.L. nominal orbital positions, −162.5
   dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) single-entry 100% of the time operational EPFD[down]limit
   also applies.

   ^4Under the section reference pattern of Annex 1 to Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 shall be used only for the calculation of interference from non-GSO
   FSS systems into BSS systems.

   ^5For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete
   curve  on  a  plot which is linear in decibels for the EPFD levels and
   logarithmic for the time percentages, with straight line joining the data
   points.

   Table 2L—Single-Entry EPFD[down]Limits Radiated By Non-GSO FSS Systems At
   Certain Latitudes
   100% of the time EPFD[down]dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) Latitude (North or South in
   degrees)
   −160.0 0 ≤ | Latitude | ≤ 57.5
   −160.0 + 3.4 (57.5 − | Latitude |)/4 57.5 ≤ | Latitude | ≤ 63.75
   −165.3 63.75 ≤ | Latitude |

   Note to paragraph(l): These limits relate to the equivalent power flux
   density, which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions,
   for all conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (m) In the frequency bands 11.7–12.2 GHz and 12.5–12.75 GHz in Region 3,
   11.7–12.5 GHz in Region 1 and 12.2–12.7 GHz in Region 2, the aggregate
   equivalent power-flux density, in the space-to-Earth direction, (EPFD[down])
   at  any  point  on the Earth's surface, produced by emissions from all
   co-frequency space stations of all non-geostationary-satellite orbit systems
   operating  in  the  fixed-satellite service (FSS) shall not exceed the
   following limits in Tables 1M and 2M for the given percentages of time:

   Table 1M—Aggregate EPFD[down]Limits for Protection of 30, 45, 60, 90, 120,
   180, 240 and 300 cm GSO BSS Earth Station Antennas^1,2,3,5
   Frequency band (GHz) for international allocations EPFD[down]dB (W/m^2)
   Percentage  of  time  during which EPFD[down]level may not be exceeded
   Reference  bandwidth  (kHz)  Reference antenna diameter, and reference
   radiation pattern^4
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −160.4
   −160.1
   −158.6
   −158.6
   −158.33
   −158.33 0
   25
   96
   98
   98
   100
   40 30 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −170
   −167
   −164
   −160.75
   −160
   −160 0
   66
   97.75
   99.33
   99.95
   100
   40 45 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −171
   −168.75
   −167.75
   −162
   −161
   −160.2
   −160
   −160 0
   90
   97.8
   99.6
   99.8
   99.9
   99.99
   100
   40 60 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −173.75
   −173
   −171
   −165.5
   −163
   −161
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   98
   99.1
   99.5
   99.8
   99.97
   100
   40 90 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −177
   −175.25
   −173.75
   −173
   −169.5
   −167.8
   −164
   −161.9
   −161
   −160.4
   −160 0
   90
   98.9
   98.9
   99.5
   99.7
   99.82
   99.9
   99.965
   99.993
   100
   40 120 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −179.5
   −178.66
   −176.25
   −163.25
   −161.5
   −160.35
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   98.5
   99.81
   99.91
   99.975
   99.995
   100
   40 180 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −182
   −180.9
   −178
   −164.4
   −161.9
   −160.5
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   99.25
   99.85
   99.94
   99.98
   99.995
   100
   40 240 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.
   11.7–12.5 in Region 1; 11.7–12.2 and 12.5–12.75 in Region 3; 12.2–12.7 in
   Region 2 −186.5
   −184
   −180.5
   −173
   −167
   −162
   −160
   −160 0
   33
   99.5
   99.7
   99.83
   99.94
   99.97
   100
   40 300 cm
   Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443
   Annex 1.

   ^1For BSS antenna diameters 180 cm, 240 cm and 300 cm, in addition to the
   aggregate limit shown in Table 1M, the limits in Table 2M shall also apply.

   ^2For 240 cm GSO BSS earth station antennas located in Alaska, communicating
   with GSO BSS satellites at the 91 ° W.L., 101 ° W.L., 110 ° W.L., 119 ° W.L. and
   148 ° W.L. nominal orbital locations with elevation angles greater than 5 °,
   −167  dB(W/(m^2/40  kHz))  aggregate  100%  of  the  time  operational
   EPFD[down]limit also applies to receive antennas.

   ^3For 180 cm GSO BSS earth station antennas located in Hawaii communicating
   with GSO BSS satellites that are operational as of December 30, 1999 at the
   110 °  W.L.,  119 ° W.L. and 148 ° W.L. nominal orbital positions, −162.5
   dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) aggregate 100% of the time operational EPFD[down]limit
   also applies.

   ^4Under the section reference pattern of Annex 1 to Recommendation ITU-R
   BO.1443 shall be used only for the calculation of interference from non-GSO
   FSS systems into GSO BSS systems.

   ^5For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete
   curve  on  a  plot which is linear in decibels for the EPFD levels and
   logarithmic for the time percentages, with straight line joining the data
   points.

   Table 2M—Aggregate EPFD[down]Limits Radiated by Non-GSO FSS Systems At
   Certain Latitudes
   00% of the time EPFD[down]dB(W/(m^2/40 kHz)) Latitude (North or South in
   degrees)
   160.0 0 ≤ | Latitude | ≤ 57.5.
   160.0 + 3.4 (57.5 − | Latitude | )/4 57.5 ≤ | Latitude | ≤ 63.75.
   165.3 63.75 ≤ | Latitude |.

   Note to paragraph(m): These limits relate to the equivalent power flux
   density, which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions,
   for all conditions and for all methods of modulation.

   (n) The power-flux density at the Earth's surface produced by emissions from
   a space station in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth), for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits
   given in Table N. These limits relate to the power flux-density which would
   be obtained under assumed free-space conditions.

   Table  N.—Limits of Power-Flux Density From Space Stations in the Band
   6700–7075 MHz
   Frequency band Limit in dB (W/m^2) for angle of arrival (δ) above the
   horizontal plane Reference bandwidth
   0^ °–5^ ° 5^ °–25^ ° 25^ °–90^ °
   6700–6825 MHz −137 −137 + 0.5(δ−5) −127 1 MHz.
   6825–7075 MHz −154
   and −154 + 0.5(δ−5)
   and −144
   and 4 kHz.
      −134 −134 + 0.5(δ−5) −124 1 MHz.

   (o) In the band 12.2–12.7 GHz, for NGSO FSS space stations, the specified
   low-angle power flux-density at the Earth's surface produced by emissions
   from  a  space station shall not be exceeded into an operational MVDDS
   receiver:

   (1) −158 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 2
   degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   (2) −158 + 3.33(δ−2) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 4 kHz band for angles of arrival (δ)
   (in degrees) between 2 and 5 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   Note to paragraph(o): These limits relate to the power flux density, which
   would be obtained under assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (p) The power flux-density at the Earth's surface produced by emissions from
   a space station in either the Earth exploration-satellite service in the
   band 25.5–27 GHz or the inter-satellite service in the band 25.25–27.5 GHz
   for all conditions and for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the
   following values:

   −115 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −115 + 0.5(−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 5
   and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane.

   These limits relate to the power flux-density which would be obtained under
   assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (q) In the band 37.5–40.0 GHz, the power flux-density at the Earth's surface
   produced by emissions from a geostationary space station for all methods of
   modulation shall not exceed the following values.

   (1) This limit relates to the power flux-density which would be obtained
   under assumed free space conditions (that is, when no allowance is made for
   propogation impairments such as rain-fade):

   −139 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −139 + 4/3 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 20 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −119 + 0.4 (δ−20) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 20 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −117 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   (2) This limit relates to the maximum power flux-density which would be
   obtained anywhere on the surface of the Earth during periods when FSS system
   raises  power  to compensate for rain-fade conditions at the FSS Earth
   station:

   −127 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −127 + 4/3 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 20 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −107 + 0.4 (δ−20) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 20 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane.

   Note to paragraph(q): The conditions under which satellites may exceed the
   power flux-density limits for normal free space propagation described in
   paragraph (p)(1) to compensate for the effects of rain fading are under
   study and have therefore not yet been defined. Such conditions and the
   extent  to which these limits can be exceeded will be the subject of a
   further rulemaking by the Commission on the satellite service rules.

   (r) In the band 37.5–40.0 GHz, the power flux-density at the Earth's surface
   produced by emissions from a non-geostationary space station for all methods
   of modulation shall not exceed the following values:

   (1) This limit relates to the power flux-density which would be obtained
   under assumed free space conditions (that is, when no allowance is made for
   propogation impairments such as rain-fade):

   −132 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −132 + 0.75 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −117 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   (2) This limit relates to the maximum power flux-density which would be
   obtained anywhere on the surface of the Earth during periods when FSS system
   raises  power  to compensate for rain-fade conditions at the FSS Earth
   station:

   −120 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −120 + 0.75 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane.

   Note to paragraph(r): The conditions under which satellites may exceed these
   power flux-density limits for normal free space propagation described in
   paragraph (q)(1) to compensate for the effects of rain fading are under
   study and have therefore not yet been defined. Such conditions and the
   extent  to which these limits can be exceeded will be the subject of a
   further rulemaking by the Commission on the satellite service rules.

   (s) In the band 40.04 0.5 GHz, the power flux-density at the Earth's surface
   produced by emissions from a space station for all conditions and for all
   methods of modulation shall not exceed the following values:

   −115 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −115 + 0.5 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   Note to paragraph(s): These limits relate to the power flux-density that
   would be obtained under assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (t) In the band 40.5–42.0 GHz, the power flux density at the Earth's surface
   produced  by  emissions from a non-geostationary space station for all
   conditions and for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the following
   values:

   −115 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −115 + 0.5 (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   Note to paragraph(t): These limits relate to the power flux density that
   would be obtained under assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (u) In the band 40.5–42.0 GHz, the power flux-density at the Earth's surface
   produced by emissions from a geostationary space station for all conditions
   and for all methods of modulation shall not exceed the following values:

   −120 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −120  + (δ−5) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 5 and 15 degrees above the horizontal plane;

   −110 + 0.5 (δ−15) dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival δ (in
   degrees) between 15 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane; and

   −105 dB(W/m^2 ) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90
   degrees above the horizontal plane;

   Note to paragraph(u): These limits relate to the power flux-density that
   would be obtained under assumed free-space propagation conditions.

   (v) In the band 2496–2500 MHz, the power flux-density at the Earth's surface
   produced  by  emissions  from non-geostationary space stations for all
   conditions and all methods of modulation shall not exceed the following
   values (these values are obtained under assumed free-space propagation
   conditions):

   (1) −144 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) in 4 kHz for all angles of arrival between 0
   and 5 degrees above the horizontal plane; −144 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) + 0.65(δ
   −5) in 4 kHz for all angles of arrival between 5 and 25 degrees above the
   horizontal plane; and

   −131 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) in 4 kHz and for all angles of arrival between 25
   and 90 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   (2) −126 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) in 1 MHz for all angles of arrival between 0
   and 5 degrees above the horizontal plane; −126 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) + 0.65(δ
   −5) in 1 MHz for all angles of arrival between 5 and 25 degrees above the
   horizontal plane; and

   −113 dB (W/m&supcaret;2) in 1 MHz and for all angles of arrival between 25
   and 90 degrees above the horizontal plane.

   (w) The power flux density at the Earth's surface produced by emissions from
   a 17/24 GHz BSS space station operating in the 17.3–17.7 GHz band for all
   conditions, including clear sky, and for all methods of modulation shall not
   exceed the regional power flux density levels defined below.

   (1) In the region of the contiguous United States, located south of 38 °
   North Latitude and east of 100 West Longitude: −115 dBW/m^2 /MHz.

   (2) In the region of the contiguous United States, located north of 38 °
   North Latitude and east of 100 ° West Longitude: −118 dBW/m^2 /MHz.

   (3) In the region of the contiguous United States, located west of 100 West
   Longitude: −121 dBW/m^2 /MHz.

   (4) For all regions outside of the contiguous United States including Alaska
   and Hawaii: −115 dBW/m^2 /MHz.

   [ 48 FR 40255 , Sept. 6, 1983, as amended at  52 FR 45636 , Dec. 1, 1987;  59 FR 53329 , Oct. 21, 1994;  65 FR 54171 , Sept. 7, 2000;  66 FR 10623 , Feb. 16,
   2001;  66 FR 63515 , Dec. 7, 2001;  67 FR 17299 , Apr. 10, 2002;  67 FR 46911 ,
   July 17, 2002;  68 FR 16448 , Apr. 4, 2003;  68 FR 43946 , July 25, 2003;  69 FR 31745 , June 7, 2004;  69 FR 52207 , Aug. 25, 2004;  70 FR 24725 , May 11, 2005;
    70 FR 46675 , Aug. 10, 2005;  71 FR 35188 , June 19, 2006;  72 FR 50029 , Aug.
   29, 2007;  73 FR 25496 , May 6, 2008]